New U.S. Russia Sanctions Bill Authorizes 100% Tariffs on China, India for Russian Energy Imports

A Legacy for Lindsey Graham: U.S. Forges Sweeping Russia Sanctions Package

In the wake of Senator Lindsey Graham’s sudden death, a rare display of bipartisanship has taken hold in the U.S. Senate. Republicans and Democrats are now jointly advancing the very sanctions legislation Graham fought for until his final days โ€” a sweeping economic assault on Moscow that would authorize tariffs of up to 100 percent on the top buyers of Russian oil and gas.


Graham’s Final Victory

Just one day before his death on July 11, Graham announced that lawmakers had reached an agreement with the Trump administration on key provisions of the long-stalled sanctions bill. The South Carolina senator had returned from a visit to Ukraine shortly before his death and had spoken with President Donald Trump about the package, expressing optimism that the administration was finally on board.

“He was absolutely ecstatic,” said Democratic Senator Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut, Graham’s chief Democratic partner on the bill, recalling their final conversation. “I’ve never heard him quite as exuberant”.

Blumenthal now supports naming the legislation after Graham, calling it “part of his legacy”.


The Sanctioning Russia Act of 2026

The bipartisan group of senators introduced the Sanctioning Russia Act of 2026 on July 14, unveiling a revised package of sanctions and tariffs aimed at squeezing Moscow’s war finances. The bill has gathered more than 26 bipartisan co-sponsors, with supporters expecting that number to grow quickly.

Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer called for an immediate floor vote, saying the legislation should be passed “in honor of Lindsey”. Senate Majority Leader John Thune said he was “hopeful we can make that happen”.


What the Bill Does

The sweeping measure would impose mandatory sanctions on:

ยท President Vladimir Putin
ยท Senior Russian political and military leaders
ยท Oligarchs and state-owned enterprises
ยท Russian financial institutions, including the Central Bank of Russia
ยท Foreign companies supporting Russia’s defense industrial base
ยท Russia’s energy sector and major energy projects, including Yamal LNG and Arctic LNG

The Novel Tariff Provision

The bill’s most novel provision would authorize Trump to impose tariffs of up to 100 percent on the five largest purchasers of Russian oil and natural gas โ€” currently China, India, Slovakia, Hungary, and Azerbaijan.

This represents a significant softening from the original proposal, which had called for a blanket 500 percent tariff on all countries buying Russian energy. The revised version also creates exemptions for countries importing less than 15 percent of Russia’s annual natural gas exports, provided they are taking “significant steps” to reduce their dependence on Russian energy.

Targeting the “Shadow Fleet”

The legislation broadens sanctions against Russia’s so-called “shadow fleet” โ€” aging, reflagged oil tankers used to circumvent existing restrictions on Russian energy exports.

Mandatory vs. Discretionary Sanctions

Unlike previous versions, the new bill removes language making sanctions contingent on Russia’s participation in peace negotiations, making many of the penalties mandatory instead. Sanctions must go into effect within 30 days of enactment.

Presidential Waiver Authority

A key compromise with the White House preserves presidential flexibility, granting Trump authority to waive sanctions under certain circumstances โ€” provided the administration notifies Congress and justifies any waivers.


A Geopolitical First

If passed, the legislation would mark the first time Congress has explicitly authorized tariffs as a geopolitical weapon โ€” with the goal of punishing countries financing another nation’s war effort.

“It’s been referred to as a tariff bill,” Blumenthal said Tuesday. “But actually, it imposes full blocking sanctions on wide swaths of the Russian economy”. The tariffs, he said, were “targeted, narrowly limited” and carefully crafted to avoid penalizing European allies supporting Ukraine.


Trump’s Position

President Trump has signaled support for the bill, calling it a tribute to Graham.

“This is in honor of Lindsey. This was his thing. He wanted this more than anything. You know how he felt, and there’s a good chance that it gets done,” Trump told reporters.

However, Trump suggested expanding the bill to include sanctions targeting Iran and Hezbollah. Blumenthal has opposed reopening negotiations, urging the White House not to introduce additional targets.

“With all due respect to the president, he has approved this bill, and we should move forward with this bill rather than opening it, in my view, to other potential targets,” Blumenthal told reporters.


A Defining Legacy

Graham’s influence may prove durable, with his breakthrough over sanctions achieved shortly before his death. Former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine John Herbst told Kyiv Post that Graham had become a crucial intermediary between Ukraine’s leadership, Congress, and Trump.

“I don’t think we’ll see anyone take his place going forward,” Herbst said. “He understood that Moscow considers us its principal adversary and that we need to make sure Putin does not take control of Ukraine”.


The Path Forward

Senators from both parties are now calling for the Senate to advance the legislation as part of Graham’s legacy, with some proposing that the bill be named in his honor. The bill’s supporters remain confident about its chances of passage.

“Swift passage by the U.S. Congress is important not only as a tribute to Graham, but also because it is significant for Ukraine,” Blumenthal said.


The complete documentation with all official statements, the full text of the Sanctioning Russia Act of 2026, and in-depth analysis is exclusively available to Patreon subscribers at patreon.com/berndpulch.

Lindsey Grahams Vermรคchtnis โ€“ USA schnรผren hartes Sanktionspaket gegen Russland

Nach dem plรถtzlichen Tod von US-Senator Lindsey Graham haben Republikaner und Demokraten im Senat eine seltene Einigkeit gezeigt: Gemeinsam treiben sie jenes Sanktionsgesetz voran, fรผr das Graham bis zuletzt gekรคmpft hatte โ€“ ein beispielloses wirtschaftliches Paket, das Russland hart treffen und erstmals Zรถlle als geopolitische Waffe autorisieren wรผrde.



Grahams letzter Sieg

Nur einen Tag vor seinem Tod am 11. Juli hatte Graham bekannt gegeben, dass die Gesetzgeber eine Einigung mit der Trump-Administration รผber zentrale Bestimmungen des lange blockierten Sanktionsgesetzes erzielt hatten. Der Senator aus South Carolina war kurz vor seinem Tod von einem Besuch in der Ukraine zurรผckgekehrt und hatte mit Prรคsident Donald Trump รผber das Paket gesprochen โ€“ voller Optimismus, dass die Regierung endlich an Bord sei.

โ€žEr war absolut begeistertโ€œ, sagte der demokratische Senator Richard Blumenthal aus Connecticut, Grahams wichtigster demokratischer Partner bei dem Gesetz, รผber ihr letztes Gesprรคch. โ€žIch habe ihn noch nie so รผberschwรคnglich erlebt.โ€œ

Blumenthal unterstรผtzt nun die Benennung des Gesetzes nach Graham und nannte es โ€žTeil seines Vermรคchtnissesโ€œ.



Der Sanctioning Russia Act of 2026

Die รผberparteiliche Gruppe von Senatoren brachte am 14. Juli 2026 den Sanctioning Russia Act of 2026 ein โ€“ ein รผberarbeitetes Paket von Sanktionen und Zรถllen, das darauf abzielt, Moskaus Kriegsfinanzierung auszutrocknen. Das Gesetz hat bereits mehr als 26 รผberparteiliche Unterstรผtzer gefunden, und Unterstรผtzer erwarten, dass diese Zahl schnell wachsen wird.

Senatsmehrheitsfรผhrer John Thune zeigte sich zuversichtlich: โ€žIch bin hoffnungsvoll, dass wir das schaffen kรถnnen.โ€œ Senatsminderheitsfรผhrer Chuck Schumer forderte eine sofortige Abstimmung: Das Gesetz solle โ€žzu Ehren von Lindseyโ€œ verabschiedet werden.



Was das Gesetz vorsieht

Das weitreichende MaรŸnahmenpaket wรผrde obligatorische Sanktionen verhรคngen gegen:

ยท Prรคsident Wladimir Putin
ยท Fรผhrende russische Politiker und Militรคrs
ยท Oligarchen und staatliche Unternehmen
ยท Russische Finanzinstitute, einschlieรŸlich der Zentralbank Russlands
ยท Auslรคndische Unternehmen, die die russische Rรผstungsindustrie unterstรผtzen
ยท Russlands Energiesektor und GroรŸprojekte wie Yamal LNG und Arctic LNG

Die neuartige Zoll-Komponente

Die innovativste Bestimmung des Gesetzes wรผrde Prรคsident Trump ermรคchtigen, Zรถlle von bis zu 100 Prozent auf die fรผnf grรถรŸten Kรคufer von russischem ร–l und Gas zu erheben โ€“ derzeit sind dies China, Indien, die Slowakei, Ungarn und Aserbaidschan.

Dies stellt eine deutliche Abschwรคchung gegenรผber dem ursprรผnglichen Vorschlag dar, der einen pauschalen 500-Prozent-Zoll auf alle Lรคnder vorsah, die russische Energie kaufen. Die รผberarbeitete Version schafft zudem Ausnahmen fรผr Lรคnder, die weniger als 15 Prozent der jรคhrlichen russischen Erdgasexporte importieren, sofern sie โ€žbedeutende Schritteโ€œ zur Verringerung ihrer Abhรคngigkeit von russischer Energie unternehmen.

Die โ€žSchattenflotteโ€œ im Visier

Das Gesetz weitet die Sanktionen gegen Russlands sogenannte โ€žSchattenflotteโ€œ aus โ€“ alternde, umgeflaggte ร–ltanker, die zur Umgehung bestehender Sanktionen genutzt werden.

Obligatorische vs. optionale Sanktionen

Im Gegensatz zu frรผheren Versionen entfernt das neue Gesetz die Bedingung, dass Sanktionen von Russlands Teilnahme an Friedensverhandlungen abhรคngen โ€“ viele StrafmaรŸnahmen werden damit obligatorisch. Die Sanktionen mรผssen innerhalb von 30 Tagen nach Inkrafttreten in Kraft treten.

Prรคsidentielle Ausnahmegenehmigung

Ein wichtiger Kompromiss mit dem WeiรŸen Haus wahrt die Flexibilitรคt des Prรคsidenten und rรคumt Trump die Befugnis ein, Sanktionen unter bestimmten Umstรคnden auszusetzen โ€“ sofern die Administration den Kongress informiert und die Aussetzungen begrรผndet.



Ein geopolitischer Prรคzedenzfall

Sollte das Gesetz verabschiedet werden, wรคre dies das erste Mal, dass der Kongress ausdrรผcklich Zรถlle als geopolitische Waffe autorisiert โ€“ mit dem Ziel, Lรคnder zu bestrafen, die den Krieg einer anderen Nation finanzieren.

โ€žEs wurde als Zollgesetz bezeichnetโ€œ, sagte Blumenthal am Dienstag. โ€žTatsรคchlich aber verhรคngt es vollstรคndige Blockadesanktionen gegen weite Teile der russischen Wirtschaft.โ€œ Die Zรถlle seien โ€žgezielt, eng begrenztโ€œ und sorgfรคltig ausgearbeitet worden, um europรคische Verbรผndete, die die Ukraine unterstรผtzen, nicht zu bestrafen.



Trumps Position

Prรคsident Trump hat Unterstรผtzung fรผr das Gesetz signalisiert und es als Tribut an Graham bezeichnet.

โ€žDas ist zu Ehren von Lindsey. Das war sein Ding. Er wollte das mehr als alles andere. Sie wissen, wie er sich gefรผhlt hat, und es gibt gute Chancen, dass es umgesetzt wirdโ€œ, sagte Trump vor Reportern.

Trump schlug jedoch vor, das Gesetz auf Sanktionen gegen Iran und die Hisbollah auszuweiten. Blumenthal lehnte eine erneute Verhandlung ab und drรคngte das WeiรŸe Haus, keine weiteren Ziele einzufรผhren.

โ€žBei allem Respekt gegenรผber dem Prรคsidenten โ€“ er hat dieses Gesetz genehmigt, und wir sollten es voranbringen, anstatt es meiner Meinung nach fรผr andere potenzielle Ziele zu รถffnenโ€œ, sagte Blumenthal.



Ein bleibendes Vermรคchtnis

Grahams Einfluss kรถnnte sich als nachhaltig erweisen โ€“ sein Durchbruch bei den Sanktionen erfolgte kurz vor seinem Tod. Der ehemalige US-Botschafter in der Ukraine, John Herbst, sagte gegenรผber der Kyiv Post, Graham sei ein entscheidender Vermittler zwischen der ukrainischen Fรผhrung, dem Kongress und Trump geworden.

โ€žIch glaube nicht, dass wir jemanden sehen werden, der seinen Platz einnimmtโ€œ, sagte Herbst. โ€žEr verstand, dass Moskau uns als seinen wichtigsten Gegner betrachtet und dass wir sicherstellen mรผssen, dass Putin nicht die Kontrolle รผber die Ukraine รผbernimmt.โ€œ



Der weitere Weg

Senatoren beider Parteien fordern nun, das Gesetz als Teil von Grahams Vermรคchtnis voranzutreiben โ€“ einige schlagen vor, es nach ihm zu benennen. Die Unterstรผtzer des Gesetzes sind zuversichtlich, was seine Verabschiedungschancen angeht.

โ€žDie zรผgige Verabschiedung durch den US-Kongress ist nicht nur als Tribut an Graham wichtig, sondern auch, weil sie fรผr die Ukraine von Bedeutung istโ€œ, sagte Blumenthal.



Die vollstรคndige Dokumentation mit allen offiziellen Stellungnahmen, dem vollstรคndigen Text des Sanctioning Russia Act of 2026 und weiterfรผhrenden Analysen ist exklusiv fรผr Patreon-Abonnenten verfรผgbar unter patreon.com/berndpulch.

The Russia Offshore & Sanctions Index: 2024-2025 Update


โฌ† Back to Offshore Index Project Hub โฌ†

The Russia Offshore & Sanctions Index: 2024-2025 Update

Date: March 10, 2026
Source Compilation: OFAC, EU External Action Service, UK Treasury, ICIJ, Atlantic Council

Jump to Section

Part I: Executive Summary | Part II: Sanctioned Oligarchs | Part III: Evasion Networks | Part IV: Offshore Jurisdictions | Part V: Corporate Structures | Part VI: Regulatory Actions | Part VII: Key Individuals | Summary Stats


Part I: Executive Summary {#executive-summary}

This report provides a structured overview of newly sanctioned Russian individuals and entities with offshore connections, based on actions taken by the United States, European Union, and United Kingdom between 2024 and early 2026. The data integrates official sources including OFAC, the EU External Action Service, UK His Majesty’s Treasury, and the ICIJ Offshore Leaks database.

Key Trends:

ยท Expanded Sectoral Sanctions: Targeting remaining Russian financial institutions, energy exports, and technology imports.
ยท Focus on Evasion Networks: Disruption of third-country facilitators, particularly in the UAE, Tรผrkiye, and Eurasia, using shell companies and virtual assets.
ยท Navalny-Related Designations: Posthumous and ongoing sanctions against individuals linked to the imprisonment and death of Alexei Navalny.
ยท Shadow Fleet Targeting: Sanctions on tankers and shipping companies involved in transporting Russian oil above the price cap.


Part II: Sanctioned Oligarchs & Political Figures (2024-2025) {#part-i}

The following individuals represent a selection of high-profile designations and investigations during the reporting period.

  1. Andrei Guryev & Family (Phosagro)

ยท Connection: Major shareholder of Phosagro, one of the world’s largest phosphate fertilizer producers.
ยท Sanctions Action (2024): UK and EU imposed asset freezes and travel bans, targeting his luxury assets in London and Verbier, Switzerland.
ยท Offshore Links: Previously linked to BVI and Cypriot entities in the Pandora Papers, used to hold stakes in mining assets and luxury real estate.
ยท Status: Sanctioned; assets frozen.

  1. Alexei Mordashov (Severstal)

ยท Connection: Primary beneficiary of Severstal, a major Russian steel and mining company.
ยท Sanctions Action (2024): EU sanctions maintained and expanded; his luxury yacht and villa in Sardinia were previously seized but legal challenges continue regarding ownership structures.
ยท Offshore Links: Extensive use of Cypriot holding companies (e.g., Rayglow Ltd.) to own international assets, as documented in the Cyprus Confidential leaks.
ยท Status: Sanctioned; legal battles over seized assets ongoing.

  1. Navalny-Related Designations (2024)

In response to the death of Alexei Navalny, coordinated sanctions were imposed on individuals connected to his imprisonment and prosecution.

Name Role Sanctioning Body Notes
Alexander Bastrykin Head of Russia’s Investigative Committee EU, UK Oversaw investigations into Navalny
Prison Officials Multiple directors of penal colonies EU, UK Where Navalny was held
Prosecutors & Judges Involved in Navalny’s legal cases EU, UK 33 individuals total

  1. Other Key Designations (2024-2025)

ยท Military Leadership: Continued sanctions against high-ranking military staff involved in the ongoing conflict.
ยท Regional Governors: Asset freezes on officials in occupied territories of Ukraine.
ยท Family Members: Sanctions expanded to adult children and spouses of already-designated oligarchs to prevent asset transfers.


Part III: Sanctions Evasion Networks & Facilitators {#part-ii}

Enforcement in 2024-2025 has increasingly focused on third-country nationals and companies that help Russia procure banned technology or move money.

  1. Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs)

ยท Case: OFAC designated several Russia-linked cryptocurrency exchanges and VASPs operating out of the UAE and Eurasia.
ยท Method: Used to convert rubles into stablecoins and transfer value internationally, bypassing the SWIFT system.
ยท Key Target: Networks facilitating payments for dual-use electronics (drones, microchips) used in weapons manufacturing.

  1. Tรผrkiye & UAE Transshipment Hubs

ยท Network: Companies in Tรผrkiye and the UAE have been designated for shipping European-made machine tools and microelectronics to Russian end-users.
ยท Method: Use of shell companies in free trade zones to obscure the final destination.
ยท UK/EU Action: Asset freezes and export bans on specific trading houses in Istanbul and Dubai.

  1. The “Shadow Fleet” of Oil Tankers

ยท Target: OFAC and the UK added dozens of individual tankers to the sanctions list.
ยท Method: Aging vessels with opaque ownership (often registered in Liberia, Marshall Islands, or Panama) used to transport Russian crude above the G7 price cap.
ยท Financial Impact: Shipping costs increased; insurance becomes difficult for designated vessels.


Part IV: Offshore Jurisdictions of Concern (2024-2025) {#part-iii}

While traditional havens like Cyprus and the BVI remain in the data, new hubs have emerged as primary vehicles for sanctions evasion.

Jurisdiction Role Current Status
Cyprus Historical holding location for oligarch wealth (corporate shares, real estate). Scrutiny increased; Russian entities winding down or relocating.
British Virgin Islands Shell company formation for holding international assets. Still present in leaks; compliance pressure increasing.
United Arab Emirates Primary new hub for private wealth, real estate, and crypto asset movement. Sanctions applied to facilitators based in Dubai; strict regulatory compliance demanded by US/UK.
Kazakhstan Used for parallel imports and re-export of sanctioned goods. Monitoring increased; some companies designated.
Hong Kong Potential new banking hub for Russian entities cut off from SWIFT. Investigations ongoing into trade-based money laundering.


Part V: Offshore Corporate Structures (ICIJ Data) {#part-iv}

The ICIJ’s Cyprus Confidential (2023-2024) and Pandora Papers databases continue to provide context for current sanctions, revealing the hidden owners of assets now being frozen.

Key Entities Linked to Sanctioned Russians

Company Name Jurisdiction Linked Individual Notes
Rayglow Ltd. Cyprus Alexei Mordashov Held shares in Severstal; frozen.
Hammersmith Services BVI Andrey Guryev Investment vehicle; sanctioned.
Carina Global BVI Suleyman Kerimov Holding company for assets; previously sanctioned.
Brooksby Trading Cyprus Iskander Makhmudov Mining assets; sanctioned.

Major Russian Corporations with Offshore Dependencies

ยท Severstal: Complex ownership via Cyprus.
ยท Phosagro: Shareholder structures involving Jersey and Cyprus.
ยท Lukoil: Historically used Dutch and Cypriot holding companies.
ยท Sberbank & VTB: Sanctions have severed most correspondent banking relationships, forcing reliance on domestic and Chinese systems.

Sources: ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database, Cyprus Confidential


Part VI: Regulatory Enforcement & Trends (2024-2025) {#part-v}

Sanctions enforcement has shifted from simply listing individuals to actively dismantling the support infrastructure.

OFAC & UK Enforcement Actions

Focus Area Description Number of Actions (Est.)
Tankers (Shadow Fleet) Designation of specific vessels and shipping management companies. 50+ vessels
Third-Country Facilitators Entities in UAE, Tรผrkiye, China, Kyrgyzstan aiding sanctions evasion. 30+ entities
Virtual Asset Providers Crypto exchanges and fintech firms moving Russian funds. 10+ entities

EU Sanctions Packages (14th & 15th)

ยท 14th Package (June 2024): Focus on energy, LNG projects, and vessels contributing to Russia’s war effort. Extended no-road clause to prevent EU subsidiaries from using Russian software.
ยท 15th Package (Dec 2024): Targeted additional individuals and added 50+ new entities to the list, specifically addressing circumvention.

Asset Seizures & Freezes

ยท EU: โ‚ฌ1.5 billion in sanctioned Russian assets frozen in EU central banks (separate from immobilized reserves).
ยท US: Task Force KleptoCapture continued prosecutions for sanctions evasion.
ยท Oligarch Yachts: Legal battles continue over yachts seized in 2022-2023 (e.g., Fiji, Italy), with owners using offshore trusts to claim ownership.

The Russian Sovereign Assets Debate

ยท Status: Approximately $300 billion in Russian Central Bank assets remain immobilized in Western jurisdictions.
ยท 2025 Proposal: Discussions regarding using the profits (windfall taxes) from these assets to fund loans for Ukraine.


Part VII: Key Individuals Summary (2024-2025) {#part-vi}

Recently Sanctioned / Re-targeted

Name Affiliation Sanctioning Body Status
Alexander Bastrykin Investigative Committee EU, UK Sanctioned
Andrei Guryev Phosagro UK, EU Sanctioned; assets frozen
Alexei Mordashov Severstal EU Sanctions maintained
Multiple Prison Officials Federal Penitentiary Service EU Sanctioned (Navalny case)
Ismail Abdulla UAE-based Facilitator OFAC Sanctioned

Awaiting Trial / Under Investigation (Evasion Cases)

Name/Entity Role Status
Various Cypriot Law Firms Facilitating trust structures Under EU scrutiny
Dubai Real Estate Brokers Selling luxury property to sanctioned individuals Under US investigation


Summary Statistics {#summary}

Category Count / Value
Navalny-Related Designations (EU) 33 Individuals
Vessels Sanctioned (Shadow Fleet) 50+
Third-Country Facilitators Designated 30+ Entities
Russian Central Bank Assets Immobilized ~$300 Billion
Major Oligarchs with ICIJ Links 15+
Total New Entities/Individuals (2024-2025) 200+


Sources

  1. U.S. Department of the Treasury, OFAC: https://ofac.treasury.gov/
  2. European Union External Action Service: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/
  3. UK His Majesty’s Treasury: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/hm-treasury
  4. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ): https://www.icij.org/
  5. The Atlantic Council’s Russia Sanctions Database: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/
  6. Cyprus Confidential / ICIJ: https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/

โฌ† Back to Offshore Index Project Hub โฌ†

Report Date: March 10, 2026
Data Sources: OFAC, EU External Action Service, UK Treasury, ICIJ, Atlantic Council, Federal Court Filings.



Bernd Pulch โ€” Bio
Bernd Pulch โ€” Bio Photo

Bernd Pulch (M.A.) is a forensic expert, founder of Aristotle AI, entrepreneur, political commentator, satirist, and investigative journalist covering lawfare, media control, investment, real estate, and geopolitics. His work examines how legal systems are weaponized, how capital flows shape policy, how artificial intelligence concentrates power, and what democracy loses when courts and markets become battlefields. Active in the German and international media landscape, his analyses appear regularly on this platform.

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