Exposed – FBI National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) Presentation

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National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)

Page Count: 25 pages
Date: 2016
Restriction: Law Enforcement Sensitive
Originating Organization: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Justice Information Systems Division
File Type: pdf
File Size: 1,343,832 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256):0E6448F6CF16E5046871E1CDFA3DEDCCCA00237DD2B507AD0EB5ADAE1DA6A0D6

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NICS Overview
Federal Firearm Prohibitions
NICS Access
Disposition of Firearm and Permit Checks
Conducting a Query with all NICS Protection Orders Returned (QNP)
Law Enforcement Enterprise Portal (LEEP)
NICS Denied Transaction File (DTF)
Contact Information

…

Title 18, United States Code, Section 922

(g)(1) Convicted of a crime punishable by more than one year or a misdemeanor punishable by more than two years
(g)(2) Fugitives from justice
(g)(3) Unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance
(g)(4) Adjudicated/committed to a mental institution
(g)(5) Illegal/unlawful aliens
(g)(6) Dishonorable discharge from military
(g)(7) Renounced U.S. Citizenship
(g)(8) Protection/restraining order
(g)(9) Misdemeanor crimes of domestic violence
(n) Under indictment/information for a crime punishable by more than one year or a misdemeanor punishable by more than two years

…

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Revealed – FBI Cyber Bulletin: Malware Targeting Foreign Banks

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A-000073-MW

Page Count: 19 pages
Date: May 23, 2016
Restriction: TLP: GREEN
Originating Organization: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Division
File Type: pdf
File Size: 751,757 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256):B10AF987BF17BA217DED942BA847D9CF6DB8B38A0AE40B937FA4B031CB79EFC8

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The FBI is providing the following information with HIGH confidence:

The FBI has obtained information regarding a malicious cyber group that has compromised the networks of foreign banks. The actors have exploited vulnerabilities in the internal environments of the banks and initiated unauthorized monetary transfers over an international payment messaging system. In some instances, the actors have been present on victim networks for a significant period of time. Contact law enforcement immediately regarding any activity related to the indicators of compromise (IOCs) in the attached appendix that are associated with this group.

Technical Details

The FBI is providing the following information with HIGH confidence:

The enclosed IOCs have been employed by a cyber group linked to intrusions at foreign banks. Malicious insiders or external attackers have managed to submit international payment messages from financial institutions’ back-offices, PCs or workstations connected to their local interface to the international payment messaging system network. The group utilized malware that appears to have been customized for each victim environment. The malware is designed to hide evidence by removing some of the traces of the fraudulent messages. The observed malware samples were designed to securely delete themselves once they completed their tasks, removing evidence of their existence. Additionally, the intruders appear to have performed extensive network reconnaissance using remote access Trojans, keyloggers, screen grabbers, and a variety of legitimate Windows system administration utilities. In addition to these IOCs, the FBI recommends recipient organizations be alert to any changes to directories where international payment messaging system software has been installed.

…

Recommended Mitigations for Institutions with Connections to Payment Messaging Systems

Logically Segregate Your Operating Environment

Use firewalls to divide your operating environment into enclaves.
Use access control lists to permit/deny specific traffic from flowing between those enclaves.
Give special consideration to segregating enclaves holding sensitive information (for example, systems with customer records) from enclaves that require Internet connectivity (for example, email systems)

Isolate Payment Messaging Platforms

For institutions that access payment messaging platforms through private networks, confirm perimeter security controls prevent Internet hosts from accessing the private network infrastructure.
For institutions that access payment messaging platforms over the Internet, confirm perimeter security controls prevent Internet hosts other than payment messaging platform endpoints from accessing the infrastructure used for payment system access.

Routinely Confirm the Integrity of Secondary Security Controls

Perform monthly validation of transactional integrity systems, such as printers or secondary storage systems.
Perform monthly validation of payment messaging activity by performing telephone confirmation of transfer activity.

Routinely Test Operating Protocols

Confirm staffing plans for non-business, non-critical operating hours.
Ensure staff members understand payment messaging transfer protocols, along with emergency transfer protocols.

Monitor for Anomalous Behavior as Part of Layered Security

Develop baseline of expected software, users and logons. Monitor hosts running payment applications for unusual software installations, updates, account changes, or other activities outside of expected behavior.
Develop baseline of expected transaction participants, amounts, frequency and timing. Monitor and flag anomalous transactions for suspected fraudulent activity.

Recommended Mitigations for All Alert Recipients

The FBI is providing the following information with HIGH confidence:

Prepare Your Environment for Incident Response
- Establish Out-of-Band Communications methods for dissemination of intrusion response plans and activities, inform NOCs/CERTs according to institutional policy and SOPs.
- Maintain and actively monitor centralized host and network logging solutions after ensuring that all devices have logging enabled and their logs are being aggregated to those centralized solutions.
- Disable all remote (including RDP) access until a password change has been completed.
- Implement full SSL/TLS inspection capability (on perimeter and proxy devices).
- Monitor accounts and devices determined to be part of the compromise to prevent reacquisition attempts.
- Implement core mitigations to inhibit re-exploitation (within 72 hours)
- Implement a network-wide password reset (preferably with local host access only, no remote changes allowed) to include:

A patch management process that regularly patches vulnerable software remains a critical component in raising the difficulty of intrusions for cyber operators. While a few adversaries use zero-day exploits to target victims, many adversaries still target known vulnerabilities for which patches have been released, capitalizing on slow patch processes and risk decisions by network owners not to patch certain vulnerabilities or systems.

After initial response activities, deploy and correctly configure Microsoft’s Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET). EMET employs several mitigation techniques to combat memory corruption techniques. It is recommended that all hosts and servers on the network implement EMET, but for recommendations on the best methodology to employ when deploying EMET, please see NSA/IAD’s Anti-Exploitation Slick sheet – https://www.nsa.gov/ia/_files/factsheets/I43V_Slick_Sheets/Slicksheet_AntiExploitationFeatures_Web.pdf

Implement Data-At-Rest (DAR) Protections.

The goal for DAR protections is to prevent an attacker from compromising sensitive data when the End User Device (EUD) is powered off or unauthenticated.
The use of multiple encryption layers that meet IAD and CNSSP-15 guidance, implemented with components meeting the Commercial Solution for Classified (CSfC) vendor diversity requirements, reduces the likelihood that a single vulnerability or failure can be exploited to compromise EUDs, move laterally through a network, and access sensitive data.
Receiving and validating updates or code patches for these components only through direct physical administration or an NSA approved Data in Transit (DIT) solution mitigates the threat of malicious attempts to push unverified updates or code updates.
Procure products that have been validated through NIAP’s DAR Protection Profiles (PPs) and utilize the DAR Capability Package (CP) that provides configurations allowing customers to independently implement secure solutions using layered Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) products. The CP is vendor-agnostic and provides high-level security and configuration guidance for customers and/or Solution Integrators.

Implement long-term mitigations to further harden systems

1. Protect Credentials: By implementing the following credential protections, the threat actor’s ability to gain highly privileged account access and move throughout a network is severely hampered.

a. Implement Least Privilege: Least privilege is the limiting of rights assigned to each group of accounts on a network to only the rights required for the user, as in a normal user is only granted user level privileges and cannot perform any administrative tasks such as installing software.

b. Restrict Local Accounts: By restricting the usage of local accounts, especially local administer accounts, you are able to reduce the amount of usable credentials found within a network. When utilizing local accounts, passwords and their corresponding hashes are stored on the host and are more readily available for harvesting by an adversary who seeks to establish persistence. Adversaries are known to use this information to move across the network through Pass the Hash.

c. Limit lateral movement: This mitigation reduces the adversary’s ability to go from exploiting one machine to taking over the entire network. Host firewall rules, Active Directory structuring, and/or Group Policy settings, can be tailored to stop communications between systems and increase the survivability and defensibility of a network under attack.

d. Admin Access Segregation: Once an adversary gains administrator credentials, especially domain administrator credentials, the network becomes wide open to their malicious activity. By decreasing the surface area where administrator credentials can be stolen, through restricting where administrators can use their accounts and what they can use their accounts for, the threat actor will have a much harder time fully compromising a network. Having different passwords and credentials for user, local administrator, and domain administrator accounts prevents an adversary from reusing a stolen credential from one to gain more access.

e. Admin Access Protection: Using encrypted protocols across the network where credentials especially administrative credentials, are sent in the clear enables an adversary to grab them in transit and reuse them. Be sure to use encrypted protocols (e.g. HTTPS, SSH, RDP, SFTP, etc.) for all management connections where credentials are passed, and disable the use of unencrypted protocols (e.g. Telnet, FTP, HTTP, etc.).

f. Ensure Administrative Accounts do not have email accounts or Internet access.

g. Utilize Strong Authentication: By enforcing multi-factor authentication (e.g., using smart cards), especially for privileged account and remote access (e.g. VPNs), you dramatically reduce when and where stolen credentials can be reused by an adversary. Until then, create, enforce, and maintain strong password policies across the organization. The use of strong password policies must be mandated for all users and is especially critical for administrator accounts and service accounts. Passwords should be complex and contain a combination of letters, numbers, and special characters, and they should be of a sufficient length (greater than 14 characters); require regular password changes for all administrative and other privileged account; and prevent the reuse of usernames and passwords across multiple domains and/or multiple systems.

h. Log and Monitor Privileged Admin Account Usage: Implementing logging and monitoring capabilities on privileged accounts can provide insight to system owners and incident response professionals of account misuse and potential compromise by malicious actors. For instance it may be discovered that a domain admin is logging in at 2200 every night even though that admin is done working for the day and gone from the building. This mitigation would also enable discovery of any privileged admin accounts that were created by the actor for persistence.

i. Log and Monitor Use of Administrative Tools: Non-administrative use of built-in OS administrative tools should be locked down in accordance with applicable guidance and hardening policies. Use of these tools, such as Windows® PowerShell® and Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line (WMIC), should be logged and monitored to help enable early detection of a compromise. Though administration activities take place on a constant basis, certain behaviors, or sets of activities, in concert with others, are suspicious and can lead to a discovery of intrusion. For example, the ‘ping’ command by itself has legitimate uses. However, the ‘ping’ command followed by a PowerShell command from one workstation to another is very suspicious.

2. Segregate Networks and Functions:

a. Know Your Network: Enterprise networks often become unmanageable leading to inefficient administration and ineffective security. In order to have any sort of control over your network, you first need to know what and where everything is and does. Ensure information about your networks is documented and is updated regularly. Create an accurate list of ALL devices and ALL protocols that are running on your network. Identify network enclaves and examine your network trust relationships within and between those enclaves as well as with external networks to determine whether they are really necessary for your organization’s mission.

b. DMZ Isolation: By ensuring that the DMZ is properly segregated both through physical and logical network architecture and admin/user accounts, a network owner can greatly decrease the external attack surface. Since webservers and corresponding databases usually sit in this location and are also externally accessible, they regularly are the first target during CNO. If these systems are compromised and the DMZ is not configured properly or at all, it could mean the loss of the entire enterprise.

c. Network Function Segregation: A network owner should implement a tiered system when determining the switching within a network. This way the lower security systems, like user workstations or machines with email and internet access, cannot insecurely communicate with higher security systems like domain controllers and other member servers. This can be achieved through multiple methods including VLANs, physical network topologies, and firewall rule sets. In the same vein, networks need to apply the same segregation principle to the various tiers of accounts within a network, ensuring highly privileged accounts cannot access lower security tiered systems and low privilege accounts cannot access higher security tiered systems.

d. Limit Workstation-to-Workstation Communications: Pass-the-Hash (PtH) and other forms of legitimate credential reuse are serious vulnerabilities existing in all environments that implement Single Sign-on. PtH allows an attacker to reuse legitimate administrator or user credentials to move from system to system on a network without ever having to crack password. Once an attacker compromises a single host, s/he will typically reuse stolen hashed credentials to spread to other systems on the network, gain access to a privileged user’s workstation, grab domain administrator credentials, and subsequently take control of the entire environment. Limiting workstation-to-workstation communication will severely restrict attackers’ freedom of movement via techniques such as PtH. In general, limiting the number and type of communication flows between systems also aids in the detection of potentially malicious network activity. Because there are fewer allowed communication paths, abnormal flows become more apparent to attentive network defenders.

e. Perimeter Filtering: Perimeter filtering refers to properly implementing network security devices, such as proxies, firewall, web content filters, and IDS/IPS. The intent is to block malicious traffic from reaching a user’s machine and provide protection against data exfiltration and command and control.

f. Use Web Domain Name System (DNS) Reputation: Various commercial services offer feeds rating the trustworthiness of web domains. Enterprises can protect their hosts by screening web accesses against such services and redirecting dangerous web requests to a warning page. Inspection can be implemented at either the web proxy or browser level.

g. Restrict or Prevent Remote Admin Access: Prior to an intrusion, remote access should be severely restricted and highly monitored. Once an intrusion is detected, all remote administration should be completely disallowed. Not only does this clear up the network traffic coming and going from a network, it also allows the network defenders to determine that the remote administration activities are malicious and better track and block them.

3. Implement Application Whitelisting: Application whitelisting is the configuring of host system to only execute a specific, known set of code. Basically, if a program or executable code, such as a piece of malware, is not included in the whitelist it’s never allowed to run.

4. Install and correctly use EMET: One of the frequently used tactics by an adversary is to initially infect a host through spear-phishing and drive-by’s/water-holing websites. The best way to counter this initial exploitation is through the implementation of an anti-exploitation tool, such as Microsoft’s Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET). These tools can render useless entire classes of malware and malicious TTP instead of eliminating one piece of malware at a time; an enormous boon to a network’s security.

5. Implement Host Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS) Rules: Standard signature-based host defenses are overwhelmed by exploit kits that continually morph attack components. HIPS technology focuses on threat behaviors and can better scale to entire sets of intrusion activities. For an enterprise with a well-configured and managed network, HIPS can be tuned to learn and allow normal network functionality while flagging anomalies characteristic of intrusions.

6. Centralize logging of all events: By pulling all of the system logs (such as Windows Event or Error logs, and any logs from security devices, such as SNORT, HIPS or firewall rule hits, as a few examples) into a centralized location that protects it from tampering and enables analytics, the network admin and intrusion response team would be able to more efficiently detect and understand the tools, tactics, and procedures of the adversary. This paper does not detail the entirety of logs that could be aggregated, however, specific recommendations of particular logs that should be targeted for aggregation can be obtained via consultation with the network’s Computer Network Defense-Service Provider (CND-SP) or with any of the organizations listed in the introduction of this section.

7. Take Advantage of Software Improvement: Apply patches for vulnerabilities as soon as they are released by the vendor. Upgrade as new versions of applications, software and operating systems become available. Delaying or ignoring patches for vulnerabilities considerably increases the chance of systems being exploited, in particular Internet/public facing systems (VPN, web, email servers). Open source research has shown that a working exploit is often available on the same day vulnerabilities are publicly disclosed, making it imperative to patch immediately. Vendors typically perform extensive testing of patches prior to release so misconceptions about negative effects on systems are often overstated. The cost of pre-deployment testing by the enterprise is miniscule compared to the potential costs incurred from a security breach. Application deployment and updating is becoming increasingly automated. Many operating systems and applications provide automatic update features to minimize the human factor.

8. Public Services Utilization: Enterprises are embracing the use of public services such as Cloud Storage and Social Networking Sites (SNS) as they offer capabilities not available with traditional software. These services also introduce a new set of vulnerabilities that must be considered. Open source reporting has shown these services to be an increasingly used vector for both malware delivery and data exfiltration. Establish a comprehensive public services policy and framework. Discover and document all the Cloud and Social Networking Services used and establish a policy that includes IT sanctioned sites permitted and prohibited within the enterprise as well as what is considered acceptable use. Integrate traffic logs to/from these sites into your centralized logging environment and implement analytics to detect and alert on potentially suspicious or abnormal traffic that could be indicative of a compromise.

9. Use a Standard Baseline: Implementing a uniform image with security already baked in and standardized applications affords the incident response team the ability to look at exploited machines and distinguish what is malicious vs. allowed. It also ensures that each machine on network is at least at a certain level of security prior to further customization for a user’s needs. Within the DoDIN this can be satisfied through the Unified Master Gold Disk, maintained and distributed through DISA.

10. Centralize logging of all events: By pulling all of the system logs, such as Windows Event or Error logs, and any logs from security devices, such as SNORT or firewall rule hits, into a centralized location, the network admin and intrusion response team would be able to more efficiently detect and understand the tools, tactics, and procedures of the adversary. Using this information then increases the responder’s ability to effectively corner and expel the adversary.

11. Data-at-Rest and Data-in-Transit Encryption: Implementing encryption for both data at rest and data in transit ensures that what is meant to be kept private stays private, whether it is stored on a disk or moving across a network. It means that exfiltration and espionage attempts can be thwarted since a threat actor cannot access the information.

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Exposed – FBI Report on Hillary Clinton E-Mail Investigation for Mishandling of Classified Information

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Clinton E-Mail Investigation Mishandling of Classified – Unknown Subject or Country (SIM)

Page Count: 58 pages
Date: July 2016
Restriction: None
Originating Organization: Federal Bureau of Investigation
File Type: pdf
File Size: 37,829,437 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256):E9ACBA18350499CE6CE739D165D5BE18C7C27B96C8F474CFABE315F6DC5BCAD4

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On July 10, 2015, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) initiated a full investigation based upon a referral received from the US Intelligence Community Inspector General (ICIG), submitted in accordance with Section 811 (c) of the Intelligence Authorization Act of 1995 and dated July 6, 2015, regarding the potential unauthorized transmission and storage of classified information on the personal e-mail server of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (Clinton). The FBI’s investigation focused on determining whether classified information was transmitted or stored on unclassified systems in violation of federal criminal statutes and whether classified information was compromised by unauthorized individuals, to include foreign governments or intelligence services, via cyber intrusion or other means.

…

The FBI’s investigation and forensic analysis did not find evidence confirming that Clinton’ s e-mail accounts or mobile devices were compromised by cyber means. However, investigative limitations, including the FBI’s inability to obtain all mobile devices and various computer components associated with Clinton’s personal e-mail systems, prevented the FBI from conclusively determining whether the classified information transmitted and stored on Clinton’s personal server systems was compromised via cyber intrusion or other means. The FBI did find that hostile foreign actors successfully gained access to the personal e-mail accounts of individuals with whom Clinton was in regular contact and, in doing so, obtained e-mails sent to or received by Clinton on her personal account.

…

Prior to January 21, 2009, when she was sworn in as the US Secretary of State, Clinton used a personally-acquired BlackBerry device with service initially from Cingular Wireless and later AT&T Wireless, to access her e-mail accounts. Clinton initially used the e-mail addresses hr15@mycingular.blackberry.net and then changed to hr15@att.blackberry.net. According to Cooper, in January 2009, Clinton decided to stop using her hr15@att.blackberry.net e-mail address and instead began using a new private domain, clintonemail.com, to host e-mail service on the Apple Server. Clinton stated to the FBI that she directed aides, in or around January 2009, to create the clintonemail.com account, and as a matter of convenience her clintonemail.com account was moved to an e-mail system maintained by President Clinton’s aides. While Cooper could not specifically recall registering the domain, Cooper was listed as the point of contact for clintonemail.com when the domain was registered with a domain registration services company, Network Solutions, on January 13, 2009. Clinton used her att.blackberry.net e-mail account as her primary e-mail address until approximately mid-to-late January 2009 when she transitioned to her newly created hdr22@clintonemail.com account. The FBI did not recover any information indicating that Clinton sent an e-mail from her hr15@att.blackberry.net e-mail after March 18, 2009.

…

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Revealed – FBI Cyber Bulletin: Targeting Activity Against State Board of Election SystemsFBI Cyber Bulletin: Targeting Activity Against State Board of Election Systems

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Targeting Activity Against State Board of Election Systems

Page Count: 4 pages
Date: August 18, 2016
Restriction: TLP: AMBER
Originating Organization: Federa; Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Divison
File Type: pdf
File Size: 524,756 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256):1EE66D31C46FF1F4DE98D36012E705586D6DFF6800B7F051F564D1A7CED58B3E

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The FBI received information of an additional IP address, 5.149.249.172, which was detected in the July 2016 compromise of a state’s Board of Election Web site. Additionally, in August 2016 attempted intrusion activities into another state’s Board of Election system identified the IP address, 185.104.9.39 used in the aforementioned compromise.

Technical Details

The following information was released by the MS-ISAC on 1 August 2016, which was derived through the course of the investigation.

In late June 2016, an unknown actor scanned a state’s Board of Election website for vulnerabilities using Acunetix, and after identifying a Structured Query Language (SQL) injection (SQLi) vulnerability, used SQLmap to target the state website. The majority of the data exfiltration occurred in mid-July. There were 7 suspicious IPs and penetration testing tools Acunetix, SQLMap, and DirBuster used by the actor, detailed in the indicators section below.
Indicators associated with the Board of Elections intrusion:

The use of Acunetix tool was confirmed when “GET /acunetix-wvs-test-for-some-inexistent-file – 443” and several requests with “wvstest=” appeared in the logs;
The user agent for Acunetix was identified in the logs –”Mozilla/5.0+(Windows+NT+6.1;+WOW64)+AppleWebKit/537.21++(KHTML,+like+Gecko)+Chrome/41.0.2228.0+Safari/537.21″;
The use of SQLMap was confirmed after “GET /status.aspx DLIDNumber=1′;DROP TABLE sqlmapoutput” appeared in the logs;
The user agent for SQLMap is “Mozilla/5.0+(Macintosh;+U;+Intel+Mac+OS+X+10.7;+en-US;+rv:1.9.2.2)+ Gecko/20100316+Firefox/3.6.2 200 0 0 421” (These are easily spoofed and not inclusive of all SQLMap activity);
The user agent for the DirBuster program is “DirBuster-1.0- RC1+(http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_DirBuster_Project<http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_DirBuster_Project> )”;

IP Addresses:

185.104.11.154
185.104.9.39
204.155.30.75
204.155.30.76
204.155.30.80
204.155.30.81
89.188.9.91
5.149.249.172 (new, per FBI)

Recommendations

The FBI is requesting that states contact their Board of Elections and determine if any similar activity to their logs, both inbound and outbound, has been detected. Attempts should not be made to touch or ping the IP addresses directly.

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Unveiled – FBI Cyber Bulletin: Malware Targeting Foreign Banks

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A-000073-MW

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The FBI is providing the following information with HIGH confidence:

Technical Details

The FBI is providing the following information with HIGH confidence:

…

Recommended Mitigations for Institutions with Connections to Payment Messaging Systems

Logically Segregate Your Operating Environment

Use firewalls to divide your operating environment into enclaves.
Use access control lists to permit/deny specific traffic from flowing between those enclaves.
Give special consideration to segregating enclaves holding sensitive information (for example, systems with customer records) from enclaves that require Internet connectivity (for example, email systems)

Isolate Payment Messaging Platforms

For institutions that access payment messaging platforms through private networks, confirm perimeter security controls prevent Internet hosts from accessing the private network infrastructure.
For institutions that access payment messaging platforms over the Internet, confirm perimeter security controls prevent Internet hosts other than payment messaging platform endpoints from accessing the infrastructure used for payment system access.

Routinely Confirm the Integrity of Secondary Security Controls

Perform monthly validation of transactional integrity systems, such as printers or secondary storage systems.
Perform monthly validation of payment messaging activity by performing telephone confirmation of transfer activity.

Routinely Test Operating Protocols

Confirm staffing plans for non-business, non-critical operating hours.
Ensure staff members understand payment messaging transfer protocols, along with emergency transfer protocols.

Monitor for Anomalous Behavior as Part of Layered Security

Develop baseline of expected software, users and logons. Monitor hosts running payment applications for unusual software installations, updates, account changes, or other activities outside of expected behavior.
Develop baseline of expected transaction participants, amounts, frequency and timing. Monitor and flag anomalous transactions for suspected fraudulent activity.

Recommended Mitigations for All Alert Recipients

The FBI is providing the following information with HIGH confidence:

Prepare Your Environment for Incident Response
- Establish Out-of-Band Communications methods for dissemination of intrusion response plans and activities, inform NOCs/CERTs according to institutional policy and SOPs.
- Maintain and actively monitor centralized host and network logging solutions after ensuring that all devices have logging enabled and their logs are being aggregated to those centralized solutions.
- Disable all remote (including RDP) access until a password change has been completed.
- Implement full SSL/TLS inspection capability (on perimeter and proxy devices).
- Monitor accounts and devices determined to be part of the compromise to prevent reacquisition attempts.
- Implement core mitigations to inhibit re-exploitation (within 72 hours)
- Implement a network-wide password reset (preferably with local host access only, no remote changes allowed) to include:

Implement Data-At-Rest (DAR) Protections.

The goal for DAR protections is to prevent an attacker from compromising sensitive data when the End User Device (EUD) is powered off or unauthenticated.
The use of multiple encryption layers that meet IAD and CNSSP-15 guidance, implemented with components meeting the Commercial Solution for Classified (CSfC) vendor diversity requirements, reduces the likelihood that a single vulnerability or failure can be exploited to compromise EUDs, move laterally through a network, and access sensitive data.
Receiving and validating updates or code patches for these components only through direct physical administration or an NSA approved Data in Transit (DIT) solution mitigates the threat of malicious attempts to push unverified updates or code updates.
Procure products that have been validated through NIAP’s DAR Protection Profiles (PPs) and utilize the DAR Capability Package (CP) that provides configurations allowing customers to independently implement secure solutions using layered Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) products. The CP is vendor-agnostic and provides high-level security and configuration guidance for customers and/or Solution Integrators.

Implement long-term mitigations to further harden systems

1. Protect Credentials: By implementing the following credential protections, the threat actor’s ability to gain highly privileged account access and move throughout a network is severely hampered.

f. Ensure Administrative Accounts do not have email accounts or Internet access.

2. Segregate Networks and Functions:

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FBI New Orleans Alert: Violence Against Law Enforcement and Riots Planned for July 8-10 2016

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The following situational information report was originally obtained and published by Judicial Watch.

Violenee Against Law Enforeement Offieers and Riots Planned for 8-10 July 2016

Page Count: 7 pages
Date: July 7, 2016
Restriction: For Official Use Only
Originating Organization: Federal Bureau of Investigation, New Orleans Division
File Type: pdf
File Size: 1,546,442 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256):E4BB8AA9ABDE69C0F33B94E8437A9ACF0A70FAB2A5BC7293DA01AF921FE46D53

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(U//FOUO) The purpose of this Situational Information Report (SIR) is to alert first responders of threats to law enforcement and potential threats to the safety of the general public. The threats stem from an officer involved shooting in Baton Rouge, Louisiana on 5 July 2016.

…

(U//FOUO) According to information forwarded to FBI New Orleans, multiple groups are calling for or planning riots and/or violence against law enforcement in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and Shreveport, Louisiana beginning Friday, 8 July 2016 and continuing through at least 10 July 2016.

(U//FOUO) FBI New Orleans Comment: The Louisiana Fusion Center confirmed additional protests are also planned in multiple locations throughout Louisiana, but cannot confirm additional threats of violence at this time.

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REVEALED – FBI Bulletin: Criminals Hacking Law Firms to Steal Information for Insider Trading

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The following document was obtained from the public website of a U.S. law firm.

“Criminal-Seeking-Hacker” Requests Network Breach for Insider Trading Operation

Page Count: 2 pages
Date: March 4, 2016
Restriction: TLP: AMBER
Originating Organization: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Divison
File Type: pdf
File Size: 445,285 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256):AC2D43CC8674D11DBB95208432553C914588C04BF3679D508AFB2D5634EB773A

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A financially motivated cyber crime insider trading scheme targets international law firm information used to facilitate business ventures. The scheme involves a hacker compromising the law firm’s computer networks and monitoring them for material, non-public information (MNPI). This information, gained prior to a public announcement, is then used by a criminal with international stock market expertise to strategically place bids and generate a monetary profit.

Threat

In a recent cyber criminal forum post, a criminal actor posted an advertisement to hire a technically proficient hacker for the purposes of gaining sustained access to the networks of multiple international law firms. The criminal provided search criteria for industry-specific information for the hackers to locate within the networks. This information when interpreted by an industry expert can contribute to an insider trading scheme.

Recommendations

Historically, industries targeted by cybercriminals have discovered that their networks were susceptible to intrusion due to lack of adherence to network security industry standards.

Measures to deter unauthorized access to a company network:

Educate personnel on appropriate preventative and reactive actions to known criminal schemes and social engineering threats, including how employees should respond in their respective position and environment.
Scrutinize links contained in e-mails, and do not open attachments included in unsolicited e-mails.
Disable macros. Be careful of pop-ups from attachments that require users to enable them.
Only download software – especially free software – from known and trusted sites
Create a centralized Information Technology e-mail account for employees to report suspicious emails.
Change network default passwords, configurations, and encryption keys. Use strong passwords.
Recommend your company’s IT professional(s) review, test, and certify the need/compatibility of a patch or update prior to installing it onto the operating system or software.
Monitor employee logins that occur outside of normal business hours.
Restrict access to the Internet on systems handling sensitive information.
Install and regularly update anti-malware solutions, software, operating systems, remote management applications, and hardware.
Do not use the same login and password for multiple platforms, servers, or networks.
Monitor unusual traffic, especially over non-standard ports. Close unused ports.
Monitor outgoing data, and be willing to block unknown IP addresses.
Isolate sensitive information within the network.
Only allow required processes to run on systems handling sensitive information.
Implement two-factor authentication for access to sensitive systems.
Ensure proper firewall rules are in place.
Be aware of the corporate footprint and persona facing the Internet. Conduct searches using multiple search engines on multiple Internet domains of company names, Web addresses, key personnel, and projects to determine if there is an accidental weak point in the network security. Conduct infrastructure look-ups in the public domains to ensure additional information is not inadvertently advertised.

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REVEALED – FBI Cyber Division Bulletin: KeySweeper Wireless Keystroke Logger Disguised as USB Device Charger

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Wireless Keystroke Logger Disguised as USB Device Charger Targets Wireless Keyboards

Page Count: 3 pages
Date: April 29, 2016
Restriction: TLP: GREEN
Originating Organization: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Division
File Type: pdf
File Size: 400,857 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256):D0425EEF586E113504780F913D30648BF565A6CA1A8A15B6F915B110FEFE8DD2

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KeySweeper is a covert device that resembles a functional Universal Serial Bus (USB) enabled device charger which conceals hardware capable of harvesting keystrokes from certain wireless keyboards. If placed strategically in an office or other location where individuals might use wireless devices, a malicious cyber actor could potentially harvest personally identifiable information, intellectual property, trade secrets, passwords, or other sensitive information. Since the data is intercepted prior to reaching the CPU, security managers may not have insight into how sensitive information is being stolen.
Technical Details

KeySweeper is an Arduino-baseda device which is contained within the shell of a USB phone charger. It is capable of detecting and decrypting radio frequency (RF) signals from certain Microsoft wireless keyboards manufactured before 2011 (many of which are still available for purchase). The wireless keyboard transmits these RF signals so the associated dongle plugged into a computer can identify which keys the user types.

KeySweeper, which measures two to three inches, contains a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card that uses a cellular connection to send the data to an associated Web server. This SIM card also enables the device to send text messages to an associated mobile device when it picks up certain keywords such as Web site addresses. A small flash memory module can also store data if the SMS capability is somehow impeded.

KeySweeper is hidden within a USB device charger and can be powered directly from an electrical outlet to harvest, decrypt, transmit, and store stolen data. A rechargeable battery serves as optional backup power should the device be removed from the wall.

According to a Microsoft spokesperson, customers using Microsoft Bluetooth-enabled keyboards are protected against KeySweeper attacks. In addition, users of their 2.4GHz wireless keyboard designs produced after 2011 are also protected because those keyboards use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption technology.

…

Threat

Since Arduino devices are modular and programmable, an actor could harvest data by capturing and decrypting communications protocols from various other wireless devices, depending on the weakness or exploitability of that protocol’s encryption. The device is easy to overlook as it harvests and sends sensitive data to a collector.

Although KeySweeper was designed to harvest from a particular brand of wireless keyboard, a cyber actor could program the device to conduct reconnaissance against a variety of devices. Given that RF ranges for all wireless devices registered with the FCC are located on the FCC’s Web site, discovering the frequency for any registered device is relatively simple. An actor could swap out the RF board for one that matches the frequency of the other device.

A KeySweeper-like device could be used to harvest data from wireless devices other than wireless keyboards, to potentially include data from Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or SMS traffic, depending on the difficulty of cracking a protocol’s chosen encryption method. Though the data could be collected, decryption depends on the configuration and protocol.

…

Defense

The primary method of defense is for corporations to restrict the use of wireless keyboards. Since the KeySweeper requires over-the-air transmission, a wired keyboard will be safe from this type of attack. However, if the use of a wireless keyboard cannot be prevented, then ensuring a strong encryption on the keyboard is vital.

A keyboard using AES encryption makes it more difficult to read keystrokes as there are currently no known practical attacks to read AES encrypted data.

Keyboards using Bluetooth are also safe from KeySweeper as it listens on a different channel than that which Bluetooth transmits. However, Bluetooth keyboards must have encryption turned on and a strong pairing PIN to protect it from a similar type of data-harvesting attack.
Additional best practices to prevent a compromise could include but are not limited to office policies that address mobile device chargers:

Limiting which outlets are available for device charging

Knowing whose chargers are currently being used

Immediate removal of an unknown charger from the office facility (although the optional backup battery can allow data theft even when unplugged)

…

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Confidential – FBI Flash Alerts on MSIL/Samas.A Ransomware and Indicators of Compromise

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FBI MSIL/Samas.A Ransomware Flash Alerts

Page Count: 6 pages
Date: March 25, 2016
Restriction: TLP: GREEN
Originating Organization: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Divison
File Type: zip
File Size: 775,199 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256): AFF6B13256C8E0FE9A67F2F2E80C5AB337AF95F018104BA5CBC15FD093A1D8A9

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File Contents

FBI Flash Alert MC-000068-MW, February 18, 2016
FBI Flash Alert MC-000070-MW, March 25, 2016
Samas Indicators of Compromise

The FBI previously identified that the actor(s) exploit Java-based Web servers to gain persistent access to a victim network and infect Windows-based hosts. The FBI also indicated that several victims have reported the initial intrusion occurred via JBOSS applications. Further analysis of victim machines indicates that, in at least two cases, the attackers used a Python tool, known as JexBoss, to probe and exploit target systems. Analysis of the JexBoss Exploit Kit identified the specific JBoss services targeted and vulnerabilities exploited. The FBI is distributing these indicators to enable network defense activities and reduce the risk of similar attacks in the future.

FBI indicators based on an ongoing investigation:

The JexBoss tool, publicly available on GitHub.com, prompts attackers to input the target URL for JexBoss to check for any of three vulnerable JBoss services: web-console, jmx-console, and JMXInvokerServlet. Depending on which vulnerabilities are detected, the tool then prompts the user to initiate corresponding exploits. The tool’s exploits are collectively effective against JBoss versions 4, 5, and 6. The payload of each exploit is a Web application Archive (.war) file, “jbossass.war”. A successful exploit results in unpackaging the .war file and utilizing jbossass.jsp to deploy an HTTP shell for the attacker.

Following initial infection of the network with MSIL/Samas.A, the actor(s) connect via RDP sessions. An open source tool, known as reGeorg, is used to tunnel the RDP traffic over the established HTTP connection. The actors use the Microsoft tool csvde.exe to determine the hosts reporting to the active directory. A list of all hosts found in the directory is compiled into a .csv file or other similar file type. Finally, the actor(s) distribute the ransomware to each host in the network using a copy of Microsoft’s psexec.exe.

…

Defending Against Ransomware Generally
Precautionary measures to mitigate ransomware threats include:
• Ensure anti-virus software is up-to-date.
• Implement a data back-up and recovery plan to maintain copies of sensitive or proprietary data in a separate and secure location. Backup copies of sensitive data should not be readily accessible from local networks.
• Scrutinize links contained in e-mails, and do not open attachments included in unsolicited e-mails.
• Only download software – especially free software – from sites you know and trust.
• Enable automated patches for your operating system and Web browser.

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Exposed – DHS-FBI-NCTC Bulletin: Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures Used in March 2016 Brussels Attacks

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Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures Used in the 22 March 2016 Brussels Attacks

Page Count: 9 pages
Date: April 12, 2016
Restriction: For Official Use Only
Originating Organization: Department of Homeland Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Counterterrorism Center
File Type: pdf
File Size: 254,019 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256): 5840AF768DA275DAA059648BFFF85B2E314544AA07F275459392D11BD4CF6602

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(U//FOUO) This Joint Intelligence Bulletin (JIB) is intended to provide a review of the tactics, techniques, and procedures demonstrated by the perpetrators of the 22 March 2016 attacks in Brussels, Belgium. The analysis in this JIB is based on statements by European government and law enforcement officials cited in media reporting and is subject to change with the release of official details from post-incident investigations. This JIB is provided by DHS, FBI, and NCTC to support their respective activities and to assist federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial government counterterrorism and law enforcement officials, first responders and private sector partners in deterring, preventing, preempting, or disrupting terrorist attacks against the United States.

…

(U//FOUO) Attacks in Brussels Reaffirm ISIL’s Ability to Conduct Complex Attacks in Europe

(U//FOUO) DHS, FBI, and NCTC assess the 22 March 2016 attacks in Brussels, Belgium targeting Zaventem International Airport and the Brussels Metro system—for which the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) has claimed responsibility—demonstrate the group’s continued ability to conduct complex, coordinated attacks in Western Europe using multiple operatives and relatively simple tactics. We are not aware of any direct links to the Homeland; however, radicalized individuals inspired by ISIL operating alone or in small groups continue to have the ability to conduct relatively unsophisticated attacks with little to no warning in the United States.*

(U//FOUO) We judge the Brussels attackers probably conducted preoperational surveillance, did some level of tactical planning, and had familiarity with the targets prior to the attack, but may have expedited their plans after the arrest—several days prior in Belgium—of the sole surviving attacker involved in the November 2015 Paris attacks. We further assess the large amount of explosives used, willingness to operate despite well-publicized efforts by security officials to locate potential ISIL operatives, and the use of operational security to avoid law enforcement detection during the preoperational phase indicate some level of training. The attackers were part of an extensive support network and infrastructure in Belgium that also conducted the Paris attacks. This same network may have allowed the operatives to acquire materials and false documents, fabricate explosives, and may have facilitated connections with individuals based in Syria.

(U//FOUO) Attack Overview: On 22 March 2016, at least four and as many as five operatives divided into two teams that detonated homemade explosive devices estimated to contain between 30 and 60 pounds of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) at Brussels Zaventem International Airport and onboard a train in the Brussels subway, killing at least 32 and injuring over 300. Two operatives at the airport and one individual at the metro conducted suicide operations, which also resulted in over a dozen American casualties, including at least two deaths. Belgian authorities have arrested a man believed to be the third operative seen in CCTV footage at the airport and are investigating the possibility of an accomplice at the metro prior to the explosion.

(U) Airport Attack: At approximately 0758 local time, two improvised explosive devices (IEDs) believed to have been concealed in luggage detonated seconds apart in the passenger check-in area for several international airlines, including a US carrier. The attackers did not attempt to enter areas where their bags would be subject to security screening. Authorities later found a third viable device at the airport, which Belgian officials speculate might have been designed to target first responders, according to a statement from the Belgian federal prosecutor to the press. The device was later detonated by explosive ordnance disposal technicians. The third alleged operative at the airport was seen in security footage with the two suicide operatives in the moments prior to the attack, but he fled the scene and was arrested by Belgian authorities on 8 April.

(U) Subway Attack: Approximately 80 minutes after the airport explosions, at 0910 local time, an explosion occurred on a train as it departed the Maelbeek metro station, killing 13, according to the Brussels transit operator STIB. At least one operative, possibly aided by a second operative, entered the Maelbeek metro station and boarded the middle car of the three-car train, according to Belgian officials cited in media reporting., The blast occurred during morning rush hour near the European Union buildings, raising the possibility the operatives were targeting European government employees.

…

(U) Importance of Suspicious Activity Reporting

(U//FOUO) We encourage reporting of suspicious activity to appropriate authorities and encourage our homeland security, military, law enforcement, first responders, and private sector partners to remain vigilant. We face an increased challenge in detecting in-progress terrorist plots by individuals or small groups acting quickly and independently or with only tenuous ties to foreign handlers. Pre-operational indicators are likely to be difficult to detect; therefore, state, local, tribal, territorial, and private sector partners play a critical role in identifying and reporting suspicious activities and raising the awareness of federal counterterrorism officials.

(U//FOUO) The acquisition of materials for constructing an explosive device, a necessary stage in the execution of any IED attack, offers an opportunity for detection and disruption of plots. Thus, it is critical that point-of-sale employees understand how their products can be misused and are trained to recognize indicators of suspicious purchases and methods of reporting this information.

» (U//FOUO) In May 2015, a tip by a vigilant hardware store clerk to local police about a potentially suspicious purchase of an explosive precursor led German authorities to foil a possible attack against a major sporting event in the country after a couple purchased an unusually large amount of hydrogen peroxide. German authorities later discovered the couple presented fraudulent credentials and were associated with the local violent extremist community in Germany.

» (U//FOUO) The FBI arrested Saudi national Khalid Aldawsari in late February 2011 after he attempted to purchase a highly concentrated phenol solution—a precursor for the explosive trinitrophenol or picric acid—and raised suspicions of a freight company in Texas after the delivery of an unexpected package from a North Carolina chemical company. Aldawsari attempted to bypass the chemical company’s restriction on sending shipments to an individual or a residence, but he did not have permission from the freight company to have the package delivered. Aldawsari was sentenced to life in prison in June 2012 for attempted use of a weapon of mass destruction, according to a January 2014 FBI press release from the US Court of Appeals affirming his conviction.

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FBI -Smart Farming May Increase Cyber Targeting Against US Food and Agriculture Sector

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Smart Farming May Increase Cyber Targeting Against US Food and Agriculture Sector

Page Count: 6 pages
Date: March 31, 2016
Restriction: TLP: GREEN
Originating Organization: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Division
File Type: pdf
File Size: 599,637 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256): BDC6AA25944381AF11E981EE3677FE52825806DA3C0C02F7FB6C262AB1CA5916

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The FBI and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) assess the Food and Agriculture (FA) Sector is increasingly vulnerable to cyber attacks as farmers become more reliant on digitized data. While precision agriculture technology (a.k.a. smart farming)a reduces farming costs and increases crop yields, farmers need to be aware of and understand the associated cyber risks to their data and ensure that companies entrusted to manage their data, including digital management tool and application developers and cloud service providers, develop adequate cybersecurity and breach response plans.

Threat

The FBI and USDA assess the farming industry’s growing adoption of precision agriculture technology may increase cyber targeting activity against the FA Sector with the intent to steal farm-level data in bulk. A recent example of government-authorized big data analytics demonstrates the value of aggregating farm-level data to track and even anticipate crop availability and pricing. Similarly, criminals could aggregate stolen data or steal analyzed data to exploit US agriculture resources and market trends.

The Wall Street Journal in March 2014 reported concerns that the FA Sector will face increased cyber targeting with the growing adoption of equipment and services that collect and analyze farm-level data, including information about soil content and past crop yields as well as planting recommendations (i.e., precision agriculture).

On 27 January 2016, the USDA announced the winners of a contest in which Microsoft hosted a century of public climate and crop data for competitors worldwide to design data visualization tools for farmers. For example, the winning tool allows users to follow trends in local crop availability and prices. The intent of the contest was to explore how to render big data in agriculture into a tool that allows farmers to make sustainable decisions that have an impact on food supply.

Other Potential Cyber Risks to Farm-Level Data

In addition to theft, farm-level data may also be vulnerable to ransomware and data destruction. Ransomware has become a significant threat to US businesses and individuals. Perpetrators use ransomware to encrypt a user’s important files, rendering them unreadable until a ransom is paid. Hacktivists may also destroy data to protest, for example, the use of genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) or pesticides.

The single most important protection measure against these threats is to implement a robust data back-up and recovery plan. Back-ups should be maintained in a separate and secure location so that malicious actors cannot readily access them from local networks.

…

Lessons from the Healthcare and Public Health (HPH) Sector

In October 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sponsored a public workshop to discuss the cybersecurity challenges facing the HPH Sector. With regard to medical device manufacturing, expert panelists discussed how hospitals’ financial constraints and focus on patient safety and convenience have resulted in the improper use of legacy devices and a high demand for user-friendly, interoperable devices. This industry pressure has resulted in manufacturers prioritizing usability over security, thereby rendering connected hospital networks vulnerable to cyber attacks. Panelists discussed how industry leaders’ procurement demands—or “market pressures”—for manufacturers to prioritize device cybersecurity very likely are the key to ensuring cybersecurity standards are raised for medical devices overall.

Source: Capital Reporting Company; “Public Workshop: Collaborative Approaches for Medical Device and Healthcare Cybersecurity; Tuesday, October 21, 2014”; 15 December 2014; http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/NewsEvents/WorkshopsConferences/UCM426854.pdf; accessed on 9 March 2016; Transcript for the first day of the FDA-sponsored public workshop on medical device and healthcare cybersecurity.

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PI – FBI Cyber Bulletin: Global Extremists Conducting Cyber Activity in Support of ISIL

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Global Extremists Conducting Cyber Activity in Support of ISIL

Page Count: 3 pages
Date: February 18, 2016
Restriction: TLP: GREEN
Originating Organization: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Division
File Type: pdf
File Size: 455,830 bytes
File Hash (SHA-256): 9ED8F8AD7F92E01B31AD756BD939A1A20F9EFCE72105E7D4D908B5902E4FF0B0

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Over the past 18-24 months, an unknown number of online extremists have conducted “hacktivist” cyber operations – primarily Web site defacements, denial-of-service attacks, and release of personally identifiable information (PII) in an effort to spread pro-Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) propaganda and to incite violence against the United States and the West. Recent open source reporting from the Daily Mail India, indicates ISIL is recruiting Indian hackers and offering upwards of $10,000 USD per job to hack government Web sites, steal data, and to build social media databases for recruiting purposes. Indian officials believe as many as 30,000 hackers in India may have been contacted. The FBI cannot confirm the validity of the media reports, and beyond this single article on Indian hackers and ISIL, does not have information indicating any such relationship exists to date. The FBI assesses this activity is most likely independent of ISIL’s leaders located in Syria and Iraq.

Threat The FBI has no information at this time that would identify any specific group or industry sector being targeted by pro-ISIL Web site defacements. We assess Web site vulnerabilities found using automated tools are the primary reason for target selection in past victims. Releases of PII, also known as doxing, by pro-ISIL hacktivists have primarily focused on U.S. and Western government personnel, especially military and law enforcement.

Since at least August 2015, a group of pro-ISIL hackers calling themselves “Elite Islamic State Hackers,” “Islamic Cyber Army,” and “Caliphate Cyber Army” have been associated with multiple Web site defacements and PII releases. In September 2015, group members began posting a series of messages via Twitter stating that they were conducting cyber attacks against the United States in commemoration of the September 11th terrorist attacks using the hash tag #AmericaUnderHacks for their Twitter postings. The postings included screenshots displaying access to several victim Web sites, as well as the posting of PII on President Barack Obama, the First Lady Michelle Obama, Congressional Staff members, government employees, and U.S. military members. Since the #AmericaUnderHacks hacking campaign in September 2015, group members have executed similar campaigns against the United Kingdom (#BritainUnderHacks), Saudi Arabia (#SaudiUnderHacks), Russia (#RussiaUnderHacks), and Israel (#IsraelUnderHacks).

Open source reporting in India has noted the existence of several “hacking groups” within India. Thus far, such reporting has identified group names like “Indian Cyber Army” or “Shakti Campaign” and referenced such groups as having worked on behalf of the Indian government against Pakistan. To date, we have yet to see any validated reporting as to the capabilities of such groups or been able to confirm their existence. It does stand to reason; however, criminal hacking activity, whether by individuals or from organized groups exists in India and could potentially target US companies both for financial gain and for general acclaim.

Technical Details

The FBI assesses most pro-ISIL hacktivist groups use relatively unsophisticated methods and tools to scan for and exploit well-known Web site vulnerabilities. Structured Query Language (SQL) injection, Cross Site Scripting (XSS), and social engineering tactics to obtain account credentials are assessed to be in the capability range of pro-ISIL cyber actors.

The recruited Indian hackers are reportedly communicating on Internet based services like Skype, Silent Circle, Telegram, and WhatsApp. Pro-ISIL hackers use social media platforms like Twitter to make public announcements and release PII. Larger PII releases have been uploaded to online text sharing sites such as Pastebin.com and Justpaste.it.

Defense Precautionary measures to mitigate computer intrusion threats include:

Enable automated patches for common vulnerabilities, and routinely update hardware and software applications, including anti-virus software.
Scrutinize links contained in e-mails, and do not open attachments included in unsolicited e-mails.
Only download software from sites you know and trust.
Disable macros. Be careful of pop-ups from attachments that require you to enable them.
Monitor employee logins that occur outside of normal business hours.
Avoid using the same login and password for multiple platforms, servers, or networks.
Use two-factor authentication for employee logins, especially remote logins.
Create a centralized Information Technology email account for employees to report suspicious emails.
Provide regular training to remind and inform employees about current social engineering threats.
Monitor unusual traffic, especially over non-standard ports; and close unused ports.
Monitor outgoing data, and be willing to block unknown IP addresses.
Utilize a Virtual Private Network (VPN) for remote login capability.

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FBI – Militas targeting Muslims

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Counterterrorism Division

7 pages
Law Enforcement Sensitive
For Official Use Only
May 28, 2015

(U//FOUO) Militia extremists are expanding their target sets to include Muslims and Islamic religious institutions in the United States. This has resulted in increased violent rhetoric and plotting and has the potential to lead, over the long term, to additional harassment of or violence against Muslims by domestic extremists. The FBI makes these assessments with high confidence on the basis of a large body of source reporting generated mainly since 2013. This information augments prior FBI analysis that established militia extremists target government personnel and law enforcement officers, perceived threats from abroad, and individuals or institutions that seek to constrain Second Amendment rights.

(U) Communities, Mosques, Gathering Places Attract Extremist Interest

(U//FOUO) The FBI assesses militia extremists, increasingly over the past two years, have conducted surveillance, plotted, and advocated violence against mosques and Islamic centers across the United States and specific Muslim communities.

• (U//FOUO) Multiple sources with varying levels of access report conducting surveillance in diverse locations including Alaska, Arizona, Indiana, Montana, New York, North and South Carolina, Utah, and Texas.
• (U//FOUO) A reliable source with good access to the information reported that a leader of a militia extremist group in the western United States expressed in early 2015, interest in training members for direct action against ISIS and associated ISIS locations.
• (U//FOUO) In September 2014 militia extremists in Mississippi discussed kidnapping and beheading a Muslim and posting video of the attack to the Internet, according to reliable sources with good access to the information. The group has, however, since disbanded.
• (U//FOUO) A militia extremist posted calls over social media to kill Muslims attending worship services and during a public event in 2013, according to a reliable source with direct access to the information.

(U) Muslim Bias Fuels Conspiracy Theories about Terrorist Training Camps

(U//FOUO) The FBI assesses militia extremist interest in Islam as a target is a product of ideology that views Muslims collectively with suspicion. Salient perceptions within militia extremism that contribute toward an anti-Muslim bias include the following:

• (U//FOUO) Islam represents a foreign threat, equivalent to those which emanate from illegal immigration or international terrorism.
• (U//FOUO) The President of the United States not only sympathizes with Islamic extremists but directs US Government policy to align with their goals.

(U//FOUO)The FBI assesses various claims the US government allows the group Muslims of the Americas (aka Jamaat ul Fuqra, hereinafter referred to as MOA) to operate terrorist training camps at dozens of locations across the United States resonate with adherents of a militia ideology who seek validation of anti-government conspiracy theories. These assertions— repeated over the course of a decade by self-appointed watchdogs of Islamic extremism, Internet bloggers, and some news media–are based in part on official government information which bolsters claims the US Government chooses to ignore the camps. Accusations about the camps periodically surge, most recently in the wake of the 7 January 2015 terrorist attack against the French magazine Charlie Hebdo.

…

(U//FOUO) Militia extremists will likely continue to identify and discuss potential Muslim targets, should the level of concern generally about Islamic terrorism remain at current levels. The FBI further assesses primary target choices will continue to include locations easiest to access, such as local mosques or religious institutions, followed by locations portrayed by Internet sources as having threat potential, including MOA enclaves. Militia supporters also will likely continue to conduct surveillance of targets as they are identified. FBI confidence in these assessments is medium on the basis of current intelligence.

(U//FOUO) Assuming no new incidents or high profile controversies relating to Islam or Islamic extremism raise domestic extremist intent levels, the likelihood domestic extremists will harass or commit violence against Muslims or religious institutions is low. This assessment is made with low confidence, as domestic lone actors and small cells possess varied capability to attack Muslim targets. Successful acquisition of resources and detailed planning raise capability levels and, combined with heightened intent, likelihood of violence.

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Unveiled – FBI Cyber Division Private Industry Notification on #OpIsrael

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FBI Cyber Division Private Industry Notification

PIN 150330-001
3 pages
TLP: GREEN
March 30, 2015

As of early March 2015, several extremist hacking groups indicated they would participate in a forthcoming operation, #OpIsrael, which will target Israeli and Jewish Web sites. The FBI assesses members of at least two extremist hacking groups are currently recruiting participants for the second anniversary of the operation, which started on 7 April 2013, and coincides with Holocaust Remembrance Day. These groups, typically located in the Middle East and North Africa, routinely conduct pro-extremist, anti-Israeli, and anti-Western cyber operations.

While the threat to US-based infrastructure is assessed as low for well-maintained and updated systems, the FBI is using the Private Industry Notification (PIN) as a method of notifying possible targeted entities.

FBI and private cybersecurity industry analysis of previous extremist hacker campaigns and operations indicate these groups are capable of low-level Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)1 attacks and Web site defacements. The most likely targets for the campaign are Israel-based systems or the systems of worldwide Jewish-oriented organizations like synagogues or cultural centers. Based on historical targeting preferences, the attackers will likely focus primarily on Israeli financial institutions, but may also target Israeli media outlets.

Given the perceived connections between the Government of Israel and Israeli financial institutions, and those of the United States, #OpIsrael participants may also shift their operations to target vulnerable US-based financial targets or Jewish-oriented organizations within the United States. Based on historical attacks, the FBI assesses that attacks which may spawn from #OpIsrael to target US-based systems will likely constitute only a small percentage of overall activity.

The FBI assesses Web site defacements are the most likely method by which #OpIsrael participants will be successful against their targets. While most Web sites maintain up-to-date content management software, the ease with which attackers can exploit known or un-patched vulnerabilities makes this the more likely vector. Sites which maintain updated systems will not likely be impacted by defacement operations.
The FBI assesses most DDoS attempts made by #OpIsrael actors will have little to no effect on targeted Web sites, due to traditionally disorganized attacks, and existing DDoS mitigation measures in-place by potential victims. Historically, anti-Israel DDoS operations have failed to gain significant traction given competing priorities for the groups and individuals involved, and the limited number of participants who could organize to conduct successful DDoS campaigns.

Defense

In general, extremist hacktivism cyber attacks may result in denial of service, defacement of a Web site, and compromise of sensitive information, which may lead to harassment and identity theft. Precautionary measures to mitigate a range of potential extremist hacktivism cyber threats include:

– Implement a data back-up and recovery plan to maintain copies of sensitive or proprietary data in a separate and secure location. Backup copies of sensitive data should not be readily accessible from local networks.
– Scrutinize links contained in email attachments.
– Regularly mirror and maintain an image of critical system files.
– Encrypt and secure sensitive information.
– Use strong passwords, implement a schedule for changing passwords frequently, and avoid reusing passwords for multiple accounts.
– Enable network monitoring and logging where feasible.
– Be aware of social engineering tactics aimed at obtaining sensitive information.
– Securely eliminate sensitive files and data from hard drives when no longer needed or required.
– Establish a relationship with local law enforcement and participate in IT security information sharing groups for early warning of threats.

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Unveiled – DoJ Inspector General Report on FBI Surveillance Under FISA Section 702

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A Review of the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Activities Under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments Act of 2008

283 pages
September 2012
5.6 MB

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Unveiled – FBI Warns Law Enforcement of Copy Cat Attacks Following Murders of Two NYPD Officers

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The FBI has issued a National Situational Information Report (NSIR) to law enforcement around the country warning of “copy cat assassinations” following the murder of two New York Police Department (NYPD) officers in December. The report, which was issued days before Christmas and posted online by a lodge of the Chicago Fraternal Order of Police, states that the “recent murders of New York City Police Officers Wenjian Liu and Rafael Ramos have spawned numerous threats” against law enforcement personnel. The report states that Ismaaiyl Brinsley, the man who reportedly shot the two NYPD officers, claimed to be part of a nationwide group planning to kill police officers:

“As of November 2014, USPER Ismaaiyl Brinsley, responsible for the shooting of two New York City Police officers on 20 December 2014, claimed to be a member of an unidentified group that was “going to get a lot of cops in Florida, Las Vegas, and California for New Year’s.” Ismaaiyl Brinsley also discussed travel plans via Amtrak with two other individuals known as “Larry” and FNU LNU (NFI) [First Name Unknown Last Name Unknown (No Further Information)].”

Brinsley, who was initially identified in the media as a member of the national prison gang the Black Guerrilla Family, was later said to have no connection to the gang. However, the day before the murders were committed, the Baltimore FBI office issued a bulletin stating that they had received “reliable information” that members of the gang were planning to target white law enforcement officers to “send a message.” The FBI NSIR mentions this as well as information that indicates the “Heartless Felons Gang, an Ohio street gang, gave its members orders to kill white police officers in the Cleveland area to avenge black lives taken by white police officers.”

Several online threats against law enforcement are also documented in the FBI NSIR including statements made by a man on the East Orange New Jersey Police Department’s Google plus page that he wanted to kill law enforcement officers. The Department of Homeland Security questioned another man at his home in Memphis, Tennessee after he posted online that he was “heading to New York City to kill two more police officers.” The man allegedly wrote “Good Job #F-K12 Kill em all i’m on my way to NY now #shootthepolice 2 more going down tomorrow.” No charges were ultimately filed as the man stated he was intoxicated when he wrote the post.

The FBI NSIR also includes a YouTube comment made by a man later identified as Jeremiah Perez of Colorado Springs:

“SINCE DARREN WILSON our group has killed 6 retired sheriffs and cops……because of this event we will hunt two more in colorado this week…..for every innocent citizen that cops kill WE, VETERANS WILL KILL RETIRED HELPLESS COPS……..we already started and MORE TO COME NOW…….join us and kill any cop or any retired cop !!!!!!! MORE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED SINCE THE PROTEST !!! THEY DONT CARE, SO NOW REAL HEROS WILL HUNT THEM ALL !!! fuck ISIS, COPS ARE THE REAL ENEMIES OF FREEDOM LOVING AMERICANS and TIME TO STRIKE BACK IN ALL OUT WAR IS NOW !!”

The comment ultimately led to the man’s arrest on federal charges under 18 USC §875, using interstate communications to convey threats of injury against an individual. A criminal complaint written against Perez and posted on the Department of Justice’s website states that the FBI was alerted to Perez’s comment after Google voluntarily notified law enforcement because of the comment’s threatening content. The complaint includes the entire notice provided to the FBI by Google, which states that “based on the content of a post/comment to a YouTube video on Google Plus Social Media, Google Inc. believes that there presently exists an emergency involving imminent death or serious bodily injury to a person or persons, and that immediate disclosure to you of certain information is required to avert the emergency.” After obtaining a search warrant based on the IP address provided by Google, the FBI seized Perez’s computer and interviewed him. He admitted posting the comments and stated that his comments “were the result of misplaced frustration and a way of experimenting with words.”

Forensic examination conducted by the FBI of Perez’s computer revealed a number of other posts to YouTube and other websites using the screen name “Vets Hunting Cops,” including searches that were conducted for the following terms:

“Kill Sara Palin, Kill Barack Obama, Kill Cory Gardner, Kill Darren Wilson, Find and Kill Darren Wilson, Kill Fox Pundints, Fox News Headquarters, Kill Fox News Racist, Kill Bill O’Reilly, Fox News Headquarters gets bombed, Someone Kill Fox News, Kill the Cops, Beaver Creek City Police Department, How to Find Somebody on YouTube, How to Find Somebody’s IP Address Through YouTube, Kill Ted Cruz, Kill M itch McConnell, Calls to Assassinate GOP Leaders, Google Maps for Fox News Headquarters, Hunt Darren Wilson’s Family, St. Louis Police Officer’s Association, Darren Wilson Prosecutor, Locate Bill O’Reilly’s house.”

Perez reportedly admitted to FBI agents that he had conducted the searches, but said that he had no intention of following through with the actions he was researching. Perez now faces up to five years in prison.

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PI – FBI Cyber Division Bulletin

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FBI Cyber Division Private Industry Notification

4 pages
TLP: GREEN
October 2, 2014

(U) This Private Industry Notification (PIN) highlights the use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) jammers by criminals to thwart law enforcement response and investigation into cargo thefts in the United States. Since at least February 2012, various law enforcement and private sector partners have reported that GPS tracking devices have been jammed by criminals engaged in nefarious activity including cargo theft and illicit shipping of goods. Although banned by federal law, the jammers are readily available over the Internet and easy to employ.

(U) GPS Jammers are Small and Unobtrusive

(U) GPS jammers are transmitters that block tracking devices from acquiring GPS broadcast signals by transmitting electromagnetic interference (noise) on the same frequency. They come in many shapes and sizes, with varying capabilities. Plugged into a standard cigarette lighter jack, a small jammer (pictured right) operating in the vehicle will disrupt GPS logging or GPS tracking systems for a radius of up to five yards. Mid-sized and larger jammers typically block a combination of GPS, cellphone, Wi-Fi, and other signals and thus also prevent the tracker from wirelessly reporting any location or status data. In a test conducted by a federal law enforcement agency, GPS jamming devices were determined to be effective to approximately 65 feet. A large GPS jammer can disrupt any tracking device or receiver within a radius of several hundred yards.

Cargo Theft Groups Employ Jammers to Mask GPS Tracking Devices

(U) Auto thieves shipping vehicles to China used GPS jammers placed in shipping containers in an attempt to thwart tracking of the containers, according to July 2014 information from the National Insurance Crime Bureau. In 46 reported incidents, the thieves placed one or more GPS jammers in cargo containers with stolen automobiles. The devices were made in China and could be bought for approximately $14.00 over the internet. The use of the GPS jammers was an apparent attempt by thieves to thwart the tracking of the shipping containers.

(U) Cargo thieves in North Florida used GPS jammers with a stolen refrigerated trailer containing a temperature controlled shipment, according to a July 2014 report from the Pharmaceutical Cargo Security Coalition. In this incident, the hauling tractors were swapped out by the cargo thieves. The Miami based suspects were ultimately stopped and apprehended by the Florida Highway Patrol in mid-Florida on a routine vehicle stop; the shipment was recovered intact. Discovered, hidden inside of the trailer’s refrigerator unit, were portable GPS jamming devices hooked unobtrusively to a battery located inside the unit. The trailer, although not equipped with a visible GPS tracking device, was treated by the thieves as if there were a device on or in the trailer. It is reasonable to believe that the individuals who planted the jammer felt that there may have been a tracking device secreted somewhere inside the shipment and used the GPS jammer to thwart the tracking of the shipment.

(U) Sales and Use of Jamming Devices is Illegal in the United States

(U) Federal law prohibits the marketing, sale, importation, or use of a transmitter (e.g., a jammer) designed to block, jam, or interfere with wireless communications. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has issued Enforcement Advisories and has also ordered numerous online retailers to stop selling signal jamming devices. A retailer that receives a second warning could face a fine of up to $16,000 for each day on which a jammer was illegally marketed, up to a maximum of $122,500. The FCC has also issued actions with substantial fines against individuals caught operating these devices within U.S. territory. Jammers, which are sometimes used to avoid cell phone distractions or evade surveillance, could produce “disastrous consequences by precluding the use of cell phones to reach life-saving 9-1-1 services provided by police, ambulance, and fire departments,” according to the FCC. Though a limited exception exists for use by authorized federal agencies, jammers have no lawful consumer use. Accordingly, mere possession of a jammer with intent to violate federal law may subject the device to seizure.

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Revealed – FBI Warns of Hacktivist Threats Following U.S. Airstrikes

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The FBI Cyber Division has issued a notification to private industry and law enforcement to be aware of the potential for retaliatory cyber attacks following recent U.S. military actions in the Middle East. While the FBI has “no information at this time to indicate specific cyber threats to US networks or infrastructure in response to ongoing US military air strikes against the terrorist group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)” the bulletin states that the FBI believes that “extremist hackers and hacktivist groups, including but not limited to those aligned with the ISIL ideology, will continue to threaten and may attempt offensive cyber actions against the United States in response to perceived or actual US military operations in Iraq or Syria.”

The bulletin titled “Threat of Cyberterrorist and Hacktivist Activity in Response to US Military Actions in the Middle East” was released last Wednesday and is based on “recent, nonspecific, and probably aspirational threats made on social media platforms to carry out cyber as well as physical attacks in response to the US military presence in the Middle East.” The bulletin, which was obtained by Public Intelligence, states that “Middle East-based hacktivist groups and extremist cyber actors have previously targeted US commercial and government Web sites in response to a range of US military actions and foreign policy positions” using tactics such as “Cross Site Scripting (XSS), Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection, and TCP/UDP Flooding for defacement and DDoS attacks.” According to the FBI, web site defacements “conducted by these actors will likely contain messages expressing support for ISIL, and/or contain imagery such as the black ISIL flag or graphic imagery, e.g., pictures or videos of ISIL executions.”

Previous examples of hacktivist attacks motivated by U.S. military actions are included in the bulletin including an incident in May 2014 in which the “Tunisian Hackers Team threatened Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks against the US financial sector unless US military forces were withdrawn from presumed-Islamic lands.” The bulletin also cites numerous threatening posts on Twitter and identifies several accounts that have expressed support for ISIL, some of which have even provided guidance on tools that could potentially be used in a cyber attack. One particularly interesting example cited in the bulletin is the case of Junaid Hussain, a British man who pleaded guilty in 2012 to charges related to the hacking of an email account connected with former Prime Minister Tony Blair. Hussain, who was just sixteen at the time the hacking occurred, was involved in the compromise of a Gmail account used by Blair’s adviser Katie Kay and later posted private contact information obtained from the account. As part of the hacking group TeaMp0isoN, Hussain also participated in an attack that flooded the the U.K.’s national anti-terror hotline with automated calls, including some prank calls that are still available on YouTube. After serving six months in a youth detention facility, Hussain was arrested on suspicion of “violent disorder” in late 2013 and while on bail fled to Syria with a 24-year-old rapper named Abdel-Majed Abdel Bary. He is now reportedly fighting with ISIL and goes by the name Abu Hussain Al Britani. A Twitter account reportedly operated by Hussain features a profile photo depicting him pointing an AK-47 at the camera and a bio that reads “random British mujahid somewhere in the Islamic State.”

Several recent law enforcement bulletins issued by the Department of Homeland Security and local fusion centers have warned about online threats made by supporters of ISIL. A joint DHS-FBI intelligence bulletin from August 22, 2014 obtained by Fox News warned that following the “start of US military air strikes on 8 August against the ISIL in Iraq, ISIL supporters launched a Twitter campaign threatening retaliatory violence against the Homeland and US interests overseas.” The bulletin went on to say that social media is increasingly being used by ISIL supporters to encourage violent attacks on U.S. interests. Another fusion center bulletin from early July, also obtained by Fox News, cited specific tweets threatening the lives of U.S. military personnel. One tweet from a British jihadist cited in the bulletin reportedly instructed supporters to use LinkedIn and Facebook to look up information on U.S. service members prior to staging attacks: “You could literally search for soldiers, find their town, photos of them, look for address in Yellowbook or something. Then show up and slaughter them.”

While no specific plots have been identified, online threats against U.S. service members are evidently credible enough to warrant a response from the U.S. Army. The Army Threat Integration Center (ARTIC) issued a special assessment on Thursday warning soldiers about the threat posed by the “Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), its supporters, those swayed by radical Islam, and lone offenders with the intent or inclination to act on ISIL’s behalf.” Given the “continued rhetoric being issued by ISIL’s media services and supporters through various social media platforms,” the assessment states that ARTIC is concerned of the possibility of attacks conducted against U.S. military personnel and their families:

Over the past year, ISIL has threatened violence against the United States and US interests overseas in response to ongoing counterterrorism pressure. Following the start of US air strikes in Iraq in early August 2014, and then Syria in late September 2014, ISIL supporters launched a Twitter campaign threatening retaliatory violence against the United States. Additionally, a recent audio message from an ISIL spokesman called, for the first time, for lone offender attacks in the Homeland in retaliation for US military operations in Iraq and Syria.

The assessment includes tips on basic home security precautions that service members should take to protect against an individual “conducting an attack while you or your family members are home.” These tips include using the “peephole before opening the door to anyone” and not opening the door to “solicitors or strangers.”

Unveiled – Department of Justice Review of FBI Use of National Security Letters

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The following report on the FBI’s use of national security letters (NSL) from 2007-2009 was released in August by the Department of Justice.

A Review of the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Use of National Security Letters: Assessment of Progress in Implementing Recommendations and Examination of Use in 2007 through 2009

232 pages
August 2014

This review is a follow-up to three previous OIG reports concerning the FBI’s use of national security letter authorities. In our first and second NSL reports, issued in March 2007 and March 2008, the OIG found repeated instances of the FBI’s misuse of NSL authorities during 2003 through 2006. During our first NSL review we also discovered the FBI’s practice of issuing exigent letters and using other informal methods to obtain telephone records, instead of using NSLs or other legal process. We addressed these practices in a separate report issued in January 2010.

In this follow-up review, the OIG examined three topic areas. First, we assessed the current status of the FBI and the Department’s implementation of the recommendations made in our prior NSL reports, which covered the FBI’s use of NSLs during calendar years 2003 through 2006. Second, we examined the FBI’s use of NSLs during calendar years 2007, 2008, and 2009. This examination included an assessment of whether corrective measures taken by the FBI and the Department in response to the findings and recommendations of our first and second NSL reports resulted in improved compliance with NSL requirements. Third, we examined the current status of the FBI and the Department’s efforts to implement the recommendations made in our prior Exigent Letters Report.

We concluded that the FBI and the Department have devoted considerable resources toward implementing the recommendations made in our past reports and taking additional measures to improve the FBI’s compliance with NSL requirements. Our review demonstrated that these efforts have resulted in substantial improvement in NSL compliance.

We believe that the corrective measures that have had the greatest impact on the FBI’s compliance with NSL authorities are the development and consolidation of NSL policy and guidance in the Comprehensive NSL Guidance EC and later the DIOG; the mandatory training provided to NSL users and approvers; the implementation of the NSL subsystem; and the periodic inspections of NSL use by the FBI Inspection Division and the national security review teams.

We determined that the FBI and the Department have fully implemented 23 of 28 recommendations from our first and second NSL reports by creating new internal controls, providing guidance and training to FBI personnel, establishing new record-keeping practices, and conducting periodic reviews of NSL usage.

Nevertheless, five recommendations from our first and second NSL reports require additional effort and attention from the FBI to address the accuracy of information entered into the NSL subsystem and the FBI’s record-keeping practices. We will consider whether to close these recommendations after the FBI provides additional information or takes the additional steps described in more detail in Chapter Two.

Our review found that during 2007 through 2009 the FBI issued significantly fewer NSL requests than during 2003 through 2006. During 2007 through 2009, the FBI issued 111,144 NSL requests, with an annual average of 37,048. By comparison, the FBI issued approximately 51,051 NSLs per year between 2004 and 2006, and approximately 48,125 NSL requests per year between 2003 and 2006. The factors that may have contributed to the decrease in the FBI’s NSL use during 2007 through 2009 are not self-evident from the data we reviewed, though a few people at the FBI told us that because of increased scrutiny on NSL use agents employed alternative investigative tools when possible. The Department’s most recent semiannual classified reports to Congress indicate that the FBI’s use of NSLs returned to historically typical numbers after 2009.

We found that the vast majority of NSL requests issued during 2007 through 2009 sought telephone and electronic records under the ECPA. We also found that the FBI issued a majority of its NSL requests in furtherance of counterterrorism investigations and a significant number in furtherance of counterintelligence investigations. The FBI issued substantially fewer requests in furtherance of foreign computer intrusion cyber investigations.

Well more than half of the FBI’s NSL requests in 2007 through 2009 were generated from investigations of U.S. persons: 12,818, or 64 percent, in 2007; 18,447, or 74 percent, in 2008; and 13,515, or 63 percent, in 2009. This data indicates that the shift reported in our second NSL review toward more NSL requests generated from investigations of U.S. persons as compared to non-U.S. persons- from 39 percent in 2003 to 57 percent in 2006- continued in 2007 through 2009.

…

Revealed – FBI Law Enforcement National Data Exchange Contains 223 Million Records

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Public Intelligence

The Law Enforcement National Data Exchange (N-DEx) run by the FBI Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division now contains approximately 223 million records on nearly two billion entities. An FBI CJIS presentation from February 2014 posted on the website of the Integrated Justice Information Systems Institute includes detailed information on state and local data contributors including a tally of the total number of records contributed by state.

The FBI describes N-DEx as “a mechanism for sharing, searching, linking, and analyzing information across jurisdictional boundaries” including “incident and case reports, booking and incarceration data, and parole/probation information.” Sypherlink, contractor involved in implementing N-DEx data sharing around the country, describes the system as being able to detect “relationships between people, vehicle/property, location, and/or crime characteristics.” Slides from the February 2014 N-DEx presentation indicate that at least 34 states are contributing data to the system with Texas, Arkansas, California, Virginia and Tennessee each providing at least ten million records. Texas has contributed more than any other state, adding more than 68 million records to the system, nearly three times its nearest competitor. Federal agencies have added another 23 million records to the system. According to an updated listing of N-DEx data contributors listed in the presentation, federal and state contributions amount to more than 191 million records in total. However, other slides in the presentation brag that their are “approximately 223 million records” on “nearly 2 billion entities” stored in N-DEx. It is unclear where the more than 30 million records not contributed by states and federal agencies listed in the presentation are obtained from.

A privacy impact assessment issued by the FBI in January 2007 stated that “during initial deployment” it was “estimated that the number of records in the N-DEx may be approximately 30-35 million records.” In an article for Police Chief Magazine, a N-DEx “outreach liaison” stated that the system had “more than 145 million records” in November 2012 and “one billion searchable entities.” N-DEx program manager Michael Haas stated in a October 2013 interview with Computer World that he hoped future developments will make the system a “gateway for access to other CJIS databases, including the division’s Next Generation Identification system, an updated version of its Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System database that contains wanted lists and arrest warrants, criminal histories, fingerprints, palm prints, facial images and other biometric data used for identification purposes.” The FBI Next Generation Identification system, which has been in development for several years, promises to offer law enforcement around the country the ability to use facial recognition software and other tools to automatically search through vast troves of biometric data to identify suspects and conduct investigations. Haas also said that the growth of the system has been expanding because CJIS has encouraged “states to submit records from prosecutions, court records, corrections, probation and other related areas” so that in addition to the “incident information” already added to the system, N-DEx will begin to obtain more data over time on “pretrial investigations, warrants, supervised release details, citations, field interviews and incarceration information.”

N-DEx Data Contributors Listed By State

Alabama	1,420,223	Maine	12,497	Pennsylvania	513,349
Alaska		Maryland	226,110	Rhode Island
Arizona	126,165	Massachusetts		South Carolina
Arkansas	24,153,042	Michigan	2,393,851	South Dakota	133,794
California	20,393,280	Minnesota	18	Tennessee	10,971,501
Colorado	184,338	Mississippi	44,830	Texas	68,793,268
Connecticut		Missouri	141,658	Utah	16,654
D.C.	962,356	Montana		Vermont
Delaware	1,085,708	Nebraska	173,877	Virginia	10,342,356
Florida		Nevada	276	Washington	8,520,754
Georgia	1,020,907	New Hampshire		West Virginia	34,578
Hawaii		New Jersey		Wisconsin	154,401
Idaho	578,174	New Mexico	35,076	Wyoming
Illinois	4,515,553	New York	1,189,118
Indiana	108,715	North Carolina		State	168,569,227
Iowa		North Dakota		Federal	23,005,381
Kansas	2,108,188	Ohio	5,564,883
Kentucky	1,637,232	Oklahoma
Louisiana		Oregon	1,012,497	Total	191,574,608

Revealed – FBI Notifications: Malicious Cyber Actors Targeting U.S. Government Networks and Employees

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The following bulletins were released in late May by the FBI to private industry partners and discuss attempts by malicious cyber actors to exploit government and private industry networks and employees, including their family members, using targeted campaigns involving false personas on various social media platforms. The bulletins were originally posted on the website of The Security Awareness Company.

FBI Cyber Division Private Industry Notification	3 pages	May 29, 2014	Download
FBI Liaison Alert System #M-000031-PH	3 pages	May 29, 2014	Download

(U) Law enforcement has become aware that foreign cyber adversaries are utilizing popular social network sites to assess, target and successfully conduct computer network exploitation activities against:

US federal, state and local government and private academic and industry networks

Individual employees of US federal, state and local government and private academic and industries

Family members and personal and/or professional associates of these employees and private citizens with high visibility

It is advised that industry use due diligence to inform and educate their associates on the vulnerabilities associated with the use of social networking sites.

…

(U) The FBI and NCIS believe a group of cyber actors have been using various social networking sites to conduct spear phishing activities since at least 2011. FBI and NCIS investigation to date has uncovered 56 unique Facebook personas, 16 domains, and a group of IP addresses associated with these actors. These personas typically would attempt to befriend specific types of individuals such as government, military, or cleared defense contractor personnel. After establishing an online friendship the actor would send a malicious link (usually through one of the associated domains) to the victim, either through e-mail or in a chat on the social networking site eventually compromising the target’s computer. While this FLASH specifically deals with Facebook personas, it is believed that many of these personas also maintain a presence on other social networking sites such as LinkedIn, Google +, and Twitter which are just as malicious. This group of cyber actors also has created and maintained multiple malicious Web sites, often spoofing a legitimate Web site and implanting malicious links into the actor’s version of the Web site.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

(U) Based on investigative efforts, the FBI and NCIS believe the following names and Facebook User IDs (FBUID) are associated with fake personas and are involved in spear phishing activities on Facebook and additional social networking sites:

Abby Wilson
FBUID 100001249857290 Abraham Gomez
FBUID 100001545932069 Adia Mitchell
FBUID 100003299460070 Alfred Nilsson
FBUID 100004842848351

Alice Nilsson
FBUID 100004672090339 Alice Taylor
FBUID 100002924701430 Amanda Teyson
FBUID 100004718351670 Barbara White
FBUID 100002477442501

Berna Nani Achando FBUID 100003744333197 Brian Gibson
FBUID 100003911053827 David Williams
FBUID 100001537364844 Delia Carlsen
FBUID 100001476095681

Donnie Eadense
FBUID 103773899813841 Dorotha Baasch
FBUID 100005436935593 Elizabeth Anderson FBUID 100002725315556 Gina McCarron
FBUID 100002199199861

Heida Wagner
FBUID 100001511282747 Jane Baker (Ava T. Foster) FBUID 100007144985923 Jeann Maclkin
FBUID 100003591027097 Jinny Beyer
FBUID 100004052511791

John Molavi
FBUID 100001700742641 Joseph Nilsson
FBUID 100004530097827 Josh Nilsson (Josh Furie) FBUID 100004516801118 Justin Snyder
FBUID 100001450033215

Kendrick Babcock
FBUID 100006297457628 Mahnaz Rahami
FBUID 100001342226413 Mahsa Handyani
FBUID 100001429057324 Marine Johnson
FBUID 100003795818292

Mark Blyth
FBUID 100002866859249 Mary Cole
FBUID 100006363725699 Medhi Betterekoon FBUID 100002348575647 Mehdi Rastegar
FBUID 100001483627448

Mehdi Sharooz
FBUID 100002200349173 Michelle Hagerman FBUID 100002420632572 Mina Kasayi
FBUID 100001881978783 Nancy William
FBUID 100001739552330

Natasha Lovsky
FBUID 100001778948301 Nilofar Shorabi
FBUID 100001924237927 Olivia Johnson
FBUID 100002864097606 Painfuol Strick
FBUID 100002396473189

Rad Alborz
FBUID 1431218901 Reza Salimi
FBUID 100004568527560 Rozita Farhang
FBUID 100001317388321 Sandra Maler
FBUID 100006345461158

Sandy Laughlin
FBUID 100001223376364 Sara Afsoon
FBUID 100001667363382 Sara McKibben
FBUID 100007150052891 Sharon Wilson
FBUID 100002474596665

Sheida Zamani
FBUID 100001867145251 Simin Rahnama
FBUID 100001837158118 Susan Thomas
FBUID 100003080928027 Thomas Clausen
FBUID 100001560125984

Tim Caochoo
FBUID 100001777117063 Tina Moradi
FBUID 100002340489471 William Cooper
FBUID 100003792613688 Zainab Osman
FBUID 100002919467608

Domain IP address

4techspot.com 173.193.136.193

Accounts.google.com-login.mobi 184.82.8.14
199.26.84.169

Com-login.mobi 199.26.84.169
198.20.182.55

Download.updatexplore.com 46.4.213.50
192.69.208.213

Downloadcenter.mcafeea.com 184.82.167.203

Eyeleo.com-login.mobi 199.26.84.169

Flycenter.ir 74.116.84.123

Fun4us.us 174.37.172.68
199.26.84.143
199.26.84.175
209.236.114.84
192.69.204.57
46.4.149.236

Internetexplorers.org 184.82.202.248
199.26.84.169
209.99.40.221
213.152.173.147

Login.yahoo.com-login.mobi 198.20.182.53
199.26.84.169

mcafeea.com 94.102.55.169
184.82.202.248

mediaplayercodec.net 64.130.216.21
174.37.172.68
209.99.40.219
192.69.208.213

Newsonair.org 199.26.84.143

Update.mcafeea.com 46.4.149.236
46.4.190.235
91.109.17.16
91.109.17.48
192.69.204.57
213.152.173.147

Updatexplore.com 70.168.71.240

Youtube.com-login.mobi 94.23.116.228
199.26.84.169

(U) The following IP addresses have also been identified as associated with these actors:

141.255.161.171
198.20.182.55

Unveiled – FBI Chinese Military Hacking Indictments Private Industry Notification

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FBI Private Industry Notification: The United States Indicts Five Chinese Cyber Actors for Cyber Espionage	May 19, 2014	3 pages	Download
FBI Liaison Alert System #A-000030-TT	May 19, 2014	2 pages	Download

(U) The FBI is providing the following information with HIGH confidence. Today the Western District of Pennsylvania unsealed an indictment naming five members of the People’s Liberation Army of the People’s Republic of China on 31 counts, including conspiring to commit computer fraud (18 U.S.C. §§ 371, 1030), accessing a computer without authorization for the purpose of commercial advantage and private financial gain (18 U.S.C. § 1030(a)(2)(C), (c)(2)(B)), damaging computers through the transmission of code and commands (18 U.S.C. § 1030(a)(5)), aggravated identity theft (18 U.S.C. § 1028A), economic espionage (18 U.S.C. § 1831(a)(1)), and theft of trade secrets (18 U.S.C. § 1832(a)(1)). Each of the defendants provided his individual expertise to a conspiracy to penetrate the computer networks of six US companies while those companies were engaged in negotiations or joint ventures with or were pursuing legal action against state-owned enterprises in China. The following technical details are indicators released in the indictment related to these actors’ activity.

(U) For additional details on the Indictment, please refer to FBI Private Industry Notification 140519 – 002 and/or the Department of Justice’s Press release.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

(U) The aforementioned actors have used the following usernames/monikers, domain names and malware to conduct cyber espionage against US companies. The FBI is distributing the indicators associated with these actors for awareness and to enable network defense activities. The FBI has high confidence in these indicators.

(U) The following usernames are associated with the indicted actors:

Jack Wang
Uglygorilla
Jack Sun
Winxyhappy
Win_XY
Lao Wen
Hzy_lhx
KandyGoo

(U) The following domains/domain accounts are associated with the indicted actors and connected to malicious cyber activity:

Financeanalysis.com (dns.diy.net)
gmailboxes.com (dns.diy.net)
busketball.com (dns.diy.net)
arrowservice.net (eNom.com) – owned
bigish.net (dns.diy.net)
finekl.bigish.net
businessconsults.net (eNom.com) owned
businessformars.com (eNom.com)
marsbrother.com (eNom.com) owned
purpledaily.com (eNom.com) owned
klwest.purpledaily.com
newsonet.net (eNom.com) owned
comrepair.com (dns.diy.net)
oplaymagzine.com (dns.diy.net)
hugesoft.org (namecheap.com)

(U) The following malicious software/hacking tools have been associated with the indicted actors:

agenda.zip
wiam.exe
ccapp.exe
gu.exe
ugls.exe
i.exe

(U) The following file name has been associated with exfiltration/data theft conducted by the indicted actors:

wd.rar

Warning – FBI Cyber Division Bulletin: Increased Cyber Intrusions

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FBI Cyber Division Bulletin: Health Care Systems and Medical Devices at Risk for Increased Cyber Intrusions

Health Care Systems and Medical Devices at Risk for Increased Cyber Intrusions for Financial Gain

2 pages
April 8, 2014

(U) Cyber actors will likely increase cyber intrusions against health care systems—to include medical devices—due to mandatory transition from paper to electronic health records (EHR), lax cybersecurity standards, and a higher financial payout for medical records in the black market.

(U) The deadline to transition to EHR is January 2015, which will create an influx of new EHR coupled with more medical devices being connected to the Internet, generating a rich new environment for cyber criminals to exploit. According to open source reporting from SANS, Ponemon, and EMC²/RSA, the health care industry is not technically prepared to combat against cyber criminals’ basic cyber intrusion tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs), much less against more advanced persistent threats (APTs). The health care industry is not as resilient to cyber intrusions compared to the financial and retail sectors, therefore the possibility of increased cyber intrusions is likely.

(U) A SANS report dated February 2014, indicates health care security strategies and practices are poorly protected and ill-equipped to handle new cyber threats exposing patient medical records, billing and payment organizations, and intellectual property. Data analysis revealed multiple devices (e.g., radiology imaging software, digital video systems, faxes, printers) and security application systems (e.g., Virtual Private Networks (VPN), firewalls, and routers) were compromised. Once medical devices are compromised, malicious traffic is transmitted through VPNs and firewalls. The biggest vulnerability was the perception of IT health care professionals’ beliefs that their current perimeter defenses and compliance strategies were working when clearly the data states otherwise.

(U) According to a Ponemon Institute report dated March 2013, 63% of the health care organizations surveyed reported a data breach in the past two years with an average monetary loss of $2.4 million per data breach. The majority of each data breach resulted in the theft of information assets. Lastly, 45% reported that their organizations have not implemented security measures to protect patient information.

(U) An EMC²/RSA White Paper published in 2013 indicated that in the first half of 2013, over two million health care records were compromised, which was 31% of all reported data breaches. Cyber criminals are selling the information on the black market at a rate of $50 for each partial EHR, compared to $1 for a stolen social security number or credit card number. EHR can then be used to file fraudulent insurance claims, obtain prescription medication, and advance identity theft. EHR theft is also more difficult to detect, taking almost twice as long as normal identity theft.

(U) Reporting Notice

(U) The FBI encourages recipients of this document to report information concerning suspicious or criminal activity to the local FBI field office. The FBI’s 24/7 Strategic Information and Operations Center can be reached by telephone at 202-323-3300 or by e-mail at SIOC@ic.fbi.gov. FBI regional phone numbers can be found online at https://www.fbi.gov/contact/fo/fo.htm. When available, each report submitted should include the date, time, location, type of activity, number of people, and type of equipment used for the activity, the name of the submitting company or organization, and a designated point of contact.

SECRET – FBI Counterintelligence Vulnerability Assessment for Corporate America

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The following document was obtained from the website of a Colorado affiliate of the the National Defense Industrial Association.

COUNTERINTELLIGENCE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR CORPORATE AMERICA

10 pages
For Official Use Only
September 18, 2009
5.4 MB

To prevent foreign entities from achieving their goals, a Counterintelligence Program (CIP) proactively searches for and uses information from multiple sources. An effective CIP draws information from security programs and other internal systems, as well as from the U.S. Intelligence Community (USIC). Once this information is assembled, an effective CIP develops a coherent picture and crafts a strategy to prevent the foreign entity from successfully achieving its goals and minimizes the damage already done. An effective CIP conducts active analysis of available information, requires annual CI education for all employees, and provides a system for immediate referral of behavior with CI implications.

THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A CI PROGRAM INCLUDES:

• A central entity accountable for executing the program company-wide
o Reporting structure for all CI personnel
o Liaisons with the USIC and/or US Government (USG) project sponsors

• Recognition of the Insider Threat potential
o High value and unique access personnel are identified and briefed
o A system exists to identify patterned behavior with possible CI implications
o Liaisons with the FBI when possible espionage activity is identified

• Recognition of the Foreign Threat potential
o Liaisons with the FBIIUSG to discuss the foreign governments, organizations, and competitors who are targeting technologies and information owned/used by the company.

• Integration of CI and Information Technology (IT)
o Trip wires exist to recognize anomalies with CI implications
o CI and IT personnel work closely on network architecture and security, including cyber attacks, intrusions, and suspicious incidents.

• Valuable Partnerships
o Internal and external liaisons with the USIC

• Training
o CI training is required and tailored to specific programs and positions

EFFECTIVE CI PROGRAMS RECOGNIZE:

• The CI discipline and Security discipline are different and unique
• All personnel require CI awareness and certain employees require special awareness training
• A strong link between IT security and CI is essential in the global workplace
• The company can improve its protection through relationships with the USIC and USG

…

ELEMENTS OF THE INSIDER THREAT

Despite multiple layers of protection “insiders” have proven to be the most effective penetration tool for foreign governments and intelligence services. Insiders betray their company for a number of reasons, including money, revenge or ideology. While all employees are potentially an insider threat, not all warrant the same level of CI precautions. All employees should have a basic CI awareness, but beyond that an effective program identifies personnel who are of high value to the company or possess unique access within the company for additional CI awareness training. The baseline question for determining who is of high value or who has unique access is – what is the significance of the damage that will occur if this person were recruited by a foreign government or competitor?

High value and unique access personnel:

• Are critical to project success
• Are associated with critical programs
• Have access to critical internal systems or technologies
• If compromised, could significantly impact National Security (intelligence or military programs) or the company’s economic viability

A system to identify and document suspicious activity by persons who:

• Inquire above their security clearance
• Access sensitive information during odd hours
• Query and/or collect unusually large amounts of information
• Ask questions about projects they are not involved with
• Are patterned in their suspicious behavior

Categories of conduct that may be exploitable for the purpose of coercion may include:

• The loss of security clearance
• Financial anomalies
• Disciplinary action and dismissals
• Unreported contacts with foreign nationals
• Unauthorized access to secure systems
• Marked changes in behavior

A comprehensive and centralized personnel information system should include:

• Data on clearance level
• Foreign travel
• Regular business contact with foreign nationals
• Disciplinary actions
• Arrests or police incident records
• Exploitable conduct allegations
• Security infractions or withdrawal of a clearance
• Other information that contributes to a comprehensive picture of the employee.

…

ELEMENTS OF Cl-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECURITY

A successful CIP addresses the cyber-bome threat to a company’s information, technologies, and personnel. The company uses information technology (IT) tools to augment the CI program, especially in addressing the insider threat.

The virtual cyber world significantly expands access to sensitive information for the public at large, foreign intelligence services, foreign competitors, and the “insider.” As a result, the partnership between IT security and CI is crucial to fully protect sensitive information while providing access to those who need it. This protection/access balance is significantly strengthened by a CI trained cyber security cadre who interact with the CI Program Manager and other CI personnel in a mutually beneficial way. This begins with an understanding of the difference between traditional IT security (secure passwords, security plans, vulnerability scanning, etc.) and cyber security with a CI focus (intrusion detection systems placed on sensitive and classified networks, vulnerability scanning for repeated high vulnerabilities in certain machines or those associated with certain high value individuals).

Beneficial IT information includes:

• Intrusion attempts
• Unsolicited email from threat countries
• Hits on web sites
• Anomalous activity on the internal network

The CIP can collate the IT information with other available information including:

• Visitors from threat countries
• Foreign travel
• Employees with access to sensitive information
• Knowledge of entities targeting the company’s information

Public Intelligence – FBI Checklist for Reporting Economic Espionage or Theft of Trade Secrets

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Checklist for Reporting an Economic Espionage or Theft of Trade Secrets Offense

4 pages

If you or your company have become the victim of a theft of trade secrets or economic espionage offense, fill out the information below and contact a federal law enforcement official to report the offense.

Background and Contact Information

1. Victim’s Name
2. Primary Location and Address
3. Nature of Primary Business
4. Law Enforcement Contact

Description of the Trade Secret

5. Generally describe the trade secret (e.g., source code, formula)
6. Provide an estimated value of the trade secret identifying ONE of the methods and indicating ONE of the ranges listed below

Method:

_Cost to Develop the Trade Secret;
_Acquisition Cost (identify date and source of acquisition); or
_Fair Market Value if sold

Estimated Value:
_Under $50,000;
_Between $50,000 and $100,000;
_Between $100,000 and $1 million;
_Between $1 million and $5 million; or
_Over $5 million

7. Identify a person knowledgeable about valuation, including that person’s contact information.
8. Identify why the item or information is valued as a trade secret. What makes it unique?
9. Does the trade secret have dual application (i.e. civilian and military use)? If so, identify how?
10. Is the trade secret export controlled? If so, identify the reason or regulation?
11. To what extent is the trade secret, or parts of it, publically available or ascertained?

General Physical Measures Taken to Protect the Trade Secret

12. Describe the general physical security precautions taken by the company, such as fencing the perimeter of the premises, visitor control systems, using alarming or self-locking doors or hiring security personnel.
13. Has the company established physical barriers to prevent unauthorized viewing or access to the trade secret, such as “Authorized Personnel Only” signs at access points? (For computer-stored trade secrets see below.)
14. Does the company require sign in/out procedures for access to and return of trade secret materials?
15. Are employees required to wear identification badges?
16. How many employees have access to the trade secret?
17. Was access to the trade secret limited to a “need to know” basis?
18. Does the company have a written security policy?

(a) How are employees advised of the security policy?
(b) Are employees required to sign a written acknowledgment of the security policy?
(c) Identify the person most knowledgeable about matters relating to the security policy, including title and contact information.

Confidentiality and Non-Disclosure Agreements

19. Does the company enter into confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with employees and third-parties concerning the trade secret?
20. Has the company established and distributed written confidentiality policies to all employees?
21. Does the company have a policy for advising company employees regarding the company’s trade secrets?

Computer-Stored Trade Secrets

22. If the trade secret is computer source code or other computer-stored information, how is access regulated (e.g., are employees given unique user names and passwords)?
23. If the company stores the trade secret on a computer network, is the network protected by a firewall?
24. Is remote access permitted into the computer network?
25. Is the trade secret maintained on a separate computer server?
26. Does the company prohibit employees from bringing outside computer programs or storage media to the premises?
27. Does the company maintain electronic access records such as computer logs?

Document Control

28. If the trade secret consisted of documents, were they clearly marked “CONFIDENTIAL” or “PROPRIETARY”?
29. Describe the document control procedures employed by the company such as limiting access, sign in/out policies, and utilizing cover sheets.
30. Was there a written policy concerning document control procedures, and if so, how were employees advised of it?
31. Identify the person most knowledgeable about the document control procedures, including title and contact information.

Employee Controls

32. Are new employees subject to a background investigation?
33. Does the company hold “exit interviews” to remind departing employees of their obligation not to disclose trade secrets?
34. Does the company track personal foreign travel of its employees and provide threat briefings/debriefings?
35. Does the company have a reporting policy for foreign contacts of its employees?

Description of the Theft of Trade Secret

36. Identify the name(s) or location(s) of possible suspects, including name, phone number, email address, physical address, employer, and reason for suspicion.
37. Was the trade secret stolen to benefit a third party, such as a competitor or another business? If so, identify that business and its location.
38. Do you have any information that the theft of trade secrets was committed to benefit a foreign government or instrumentality of a foreign government? If so, identify the foreign government and describe that information.
39. If the suspect is a current or former employee, describe all confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements in effect.
40. Identify any physical locations tied to the theft of trade secret, such as where it may be currently stored or used.
41. If you have conducted an internal investigation into the theft or counterfeiting activities, please describe any evidence acquired.

Civil Enforcement Proceedings

42. Has a dvil enforcement action been filed against the suspects identified above?

(a) If so, identify the following:

Name of court and case number:
Date of filing:
Names of attorneys:
Status of case:

(b) If not, is a dvil action contemplated? What type and when?

43. Please provide any information concerning the suspected crime not described above that you believe might assist law enforcement.

Related Material From the Archive:

SECRET-DHS-FBI Bulletin: Improvised Explosive Device Concealed in Human Remains

ROLL CALL RELEASE

1 page
For Official Use Only
May 24, 2013

(U//FOUO) In January 2013, insurgents in India placed improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in the bodies of two police officers who were killed during an ambush; these devices probably were designed to target first responders, medical personnel, and medical facilities.

(U) One of the IEDs detonated on-site, killing four civilians who were involved in recovery operations and the other IED was discovered by physicians during post-mortem inspection. The IED triggering mechanism in the second body contained both a pressure-sensitive switch and light-activated switch designed to initiate the IED when it was exposed to direct light.

(U//FOUO) Indian medical personnel were able to avoid detonation of the device when they noticed and acted on suspicious indicators. First responders encountering human remains may want to consider the following indicators, which could indicate the presence of an IED:

— (U) Unusual or fresh—possibly still bleeding or seeping—incisions accompanied by crude stitching.
— (U) Signs of post-mortem incisions or stitching.
— (U) The presence of IED related materials or hoax/actual devices in conjunction with an intact set of human remains.
— (U) A corpse placed in a manner/location requiring responders to immediately remove them from the encountered position/location.
— (U) Abnormal bloating or swelling of the body.
— (U) Foreign objects protruding from the body.

(U//FOUO) Although this concealment method has not been encountered in the Homeland and we have no indication at this time that violent extremists here are considering its use, we note the incident received broad English-language media coverage overseas, which could prompt technically-competent violent extremists to consider adopting the tactic.

SECRET . DHS-FBI-NCTC Bulletin: Building Security Measures May Hinder Emergency Response Efforts

Building Security Measures May Impact Emergency Response to Attacks by Violent Extremists

1 page
For Official Use Only
December 6, 2013

(U//FOUO) Facility security measures, such as interior control points or exterior barriers, may require first responders to adjust normal protocols and procedures to operate rapidly during emergencies. The timeline below is an overview of attacks and plots against US-based facilities with varying levels of security. The diversity of tactics and targets used underscores the need for interagency exercises and training that incorporates multiple scenarios to account for building security measures likely to be encountered.

(U) First Responder Response Considerations:

(U//FOUO) Conducting periodic exercises with building authorities and interagency partners will help responders tailor a coordinated response to the unique security characteristics of the site
and increase efficiency during an emergency. Engagement with partners may address a number of issues including:

»» (U//FOUO) Building emergency response plans that identify the key staff members to assist and advise first responders as well as their roles and responsibilities during crisis;
»» (U//FOUO) Interior building control points which may limit responder access to areas and affect the rapid deployment of tools and equipment;
»» (U//FOUO) Building access control systems: the availability of master keys or swipe cards to provide full access and/or entry into restricted areas;
»» (U//FOUO) The existence of exterior building security measures which may affect the placement of response vehicles or the ability to ventilate building and rescue victims;
»» (U//FOUO) Closed circuit television (CCTV) monitors to maintain situational awareness and to assist with accountability and evacuation of building occupants; and
»» (U//FOUO) Suspicious activity reporting training to building staff and tenants to help identify and disrupt potential preoperational activity or actual attacks.

SECRET – DHS-FBI-NCTC Bulletin: Extortion Schemes Use Telephony-Based Denial-of-Service Attacks

Roll Call Release

1 page
For Official Use Only
February 6, 2014

(U//FOUO) Since at least January 2012, criminals are using telephony-based denial-of-service (TDoS) combined with extortion scams to phone an employee’s office and demand the employee repay an alleged loan. If the victim does not comply, the criminals initiate TDoS attacks against the employer’s phone numbers. TDoS uses automated calling programs—similar to those used by telemarketers—to prevent victims from making or receiving calls. Recent examples include the following:

» (U//FOUO) According to DHS reporting, between 28 January and 3 March 2013, the public safety answering point for a south-central region sheriff’s office received a call demanding repayment of a loan for an unknown individual. A TDoS attack followed this request, disrupting the non-emergency business lines.

» (U) The US Coast Guard (USCG) in late May 2013 reported that an individual called a USCG cutter claiming to have a legal matter to discuss with a crewmember. The subsequent TDoS attack flooded the ship’s telephone network with several rounds of TDoS phone calls, completely disrupting phone service.

(U//FOUO) For more information on TDoS scams, please reference Homeland Security Note “(U//FOUO) Cyber Criminals Combine Tactics for Extortion;” this product is available by searching on HSIN Intel or CI Home at https://hsin.dhs.gov.

(U) What to do During a TDoS Event:

» (U) Do NOT make any payments, but DO record all phone numbers and payment instructions.
» (U) If practical, save the voice recordings of suspect calls—before, during, and after the TDoS events.
» (U) If the caller is demanding a payment, attempt to capture the following information: start and stop times of calls and number of calls per day; phone numbers and caller ID information; instructions regarding how to pay, such as account number or callback number.
» (U) Attempt to separate the affected phone number from other critical trunks.

TOP-SECRET-DHS-FBI Bulletin: Use of the Internet for Attack Planning

http://publicintelligence.net/dhs-fbi-internet-attack-planning/

Film – Was CIA Chief John Brennan Behind Journalist’s Murder?

TOP-SECRET – DHS-FBI Report: Idaho Man Arrested for Providing Material Support to Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan

Idaho-based Individual Arrested for Providing Material Support to a Designated Terrorist Group

3 pages
For Official Use Only
May 16, 2013

(U//FOUO) This Joint Intelligence Bulletin (JIB) provides information on the 16 May 2013 arrest of Idaho-based Uzbekistan national Fazliddin Kurbanov by the FBI Boise Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF). On 16 May, Kurbanov was charged under two indictments alleging terrorism, one each in the United States District Court, District of Idaho and United States District Court, District of Utah. FBI and DHS are providing this information to support their respective activities and to assist federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial government counterterrorism and law enforcement officials and the private sector in deterring, preventing, or disrupting terrorist attacks against the United States. All events described in this JIB are taken from the criminal indictment. The charges contained in the indictment are mere allegations. As in any criminal case, the defendant is presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.

(U//FOUO) Fazliddin Kurbanov was arrested on 16 May 2013 by the FBI JTTF in Boise, Idaho, and charged in the District of Idaho with one count of conspiracy to provide “material support and resources” to terrorists, as those terms are defined in 18 U.S.C. Section 2339A; one count of conspiracy to provide “material support and resources” to a Designated Terrorist Organization, as those terms are defined in 18 U.S.C. Section 2339B; and one count of possession of an unregistered explosive/firearm, as those terms are defined in 26 U.S.C. Section 5861(d). Additionally, Kurbanov was charged in the District of Utah with one count of distribution of information relating to explosives, destructive devices, and weapons of mass destruction, as those terms are defined in 18 U.S.C. Section 842(p)(2)(A).

— (U//FOUO) The District of Idaho indictment alleges that from in or about August 2012 through May 2013, Fazliddin Kurbanov knowingly and intentionally conspired with co-conspirators to provide material support and resources to the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), a designated terrorist group.

— (U//FOUO) The District of Idaho indictment alleges that Fazliddin Kurbanov conspired to provide personnel, computer software, and money to the IMU, knowing that the IMU has engaged in terrorist activity and terrorism.

— (U//FOUO) The District of Idaho indictment alleges that on or about 15 November 2012, Fazliddin Kurbanov knowingly possessed a firearm not registered to him in the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record.

— (U//FOUO) The District of Utah indictment alleges that from 14 January to 24 January 2013, Fazliddin Kurbanov knowingly taught and demonstrated the making and use of an explosive with the intent that the teaching, demonstration, and information be used for violent activity. Kurbanov showed Internet videos, provided written recipes and verbal instructions, and conducted instructional shopping trips which informed as to the construction and use of an improvised explosive device (IED).

(U//FOUO) Possible Behavioral Indicators of Pre-Operational Attack Planning

(U//FOUO) Fazliddin Kurbanov’s alleged conspiracy highlights the continued presence of US-based individuals who maintain interest in conducting homeland-based attacks. FBI and DHS encourage federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial counterterrorism officials to remain alert and immediately report suspicious activity and potential behavioral indicators of pre-operational terrorism planning activities, to include acquisition of materials and construction of explosive devices. Some of these behavioral indicators may be constitutionally protected activities and should be supported by additional facts to justify increased suspicion. No single behavioral indicator should be the sole basis for law enforcement action. The totality of behavioral indicators and other relevant circumstances should be evaluated when considering any law enforcement response or action.

(U//FOUO) Possible behavioral indicators of pre-operational attack planning include:

— (U//FOUO) Suspicious purchases of items that could be used to construct an explosive device, including hydrogen peroxide, acetone, gasoline, propane, or fertilizer;
— (U//FOUO) Unusual or prolonged interest in or attempts to gain sensitive information about security measures of personnel, entry points, peak days and hours of operation, and access controls such as alarms or locks;
— (U//FOUO) Observation of security reaction drills or procedures; multiple false alarms or fictitious emergency calls to same locations or similar venues;
— (U//FOUO) Discreet use of cameras or video recorders, sketching, or note-taking consistent with pre-operational surveillance;
— (U//FOUO) Observation of or questions about facility security measures, to include barriers, restricted areas, cameras, and intrusion detection systems; and,
— (U//FOUO) Suspicious activities in storage facilities or other areas that could be used to construct an explosive device.

Revealed – DHS and FBI Bulletins on OpUSA Tools and Tactics

The following bulletins were released May 6, 2013 by the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center and FBI in anticipation of the OpUSA campaign. A DHS bulletin on the campaign was released May 2, 2013 by computer security journalist Brian Krebs.

National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center OpUSA: Potential Tools	May 6, 2013	4 pages	Download
FBI Liaison Alert System #C-000007-DD	May 6, 2013	1 page	Download

Multiple groups, and individual hacker handles have claimed their intent to attack U.S. websites as part of OpUSA. As seen in many hacktivist operations (Ops), willing participants have posted free tools to assist other like minded individuals in their attack efforts. Often, more coordinated attacks will name a specific tool, target, day and time for the attack. That has not been the case for OpUSA thus far. Individual hacker groups seem to be conducting attacks independently, each claiming responsibility for individual defacements and data breaches that have supposedly recently taken place. Below you will find some of the tools being posted in conversations about OpUSA and links to US-CERT sites which provide background on the vulnerabilities exploited by these tools as well as mitigation advice for computer network defense actions.

Structured Query Language (SQL) injection

The following is a sampling of tools being offered to willing members interested in using SQL attacks during OpUSA.

Havij: Automates SQL Injection attacks. It allows the attacker to ‘fingerprint’ the database, retrieve Database Management System users and password hashes, dump tables and columns, retrieve specific data from the database, run SQL statements, and access the underlying file system and execute commands on the operating system.

SQL Poison: This exploit scanner tool incorporates automated Google Dorking methods to look for SQL vulnerabilities. Once the vulnerability is discovered, it performs an SQL injection attack.

The following US-CERT advisories offer further information:

US-CERT SQL Injection: http://www.us-cert.gov/security-publications/sql-injection

US-CERT Securing Your Web Browser: http://www.us-cert.gov/publications/securing-your-web-browser

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)

DDoS tools are often used by hacktivist so users may voluntary botnets. These are a list of the available DDoS tools via Open Source:

Low Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC): Floods servers with TCP or UDP packets with the intention of disrupting service.

High Orbit Ion Cannon (HOIC): Can attack as many as 256 sites simultaneously and can target subdirectories of the main page using “booster packs” that enable traffic with multiple user-agent strings, referrers, and headers.

HTTP Unbearable Load King (HULK): Also referred to as HULK DDoSser. Generates unique requests for each and every request generated, which bypasses caching engines and impacting the server’s load directly.

Slowloris: Attempts to keep multiple open connections to the target web server and keep them open as long as possible.

DDos Notepad: Attackers can create a simple Batchfile DDoS echo script using Notepad.

ByteDOS: Windows desktop DOS application that is a standalone executable file and doesn’t require any special installation on the attacking machine. It is equipped with embedded IP resolver capabilities that allow the tool to resolve IPs from domain names. It also supports SYN Flood and ICMP flood.

Turbinas: Also referred to as VOLKS TURBINAS.EXE, which are associated with Cloaked Malware group designed to evade security detection systems.

Syn Flood DOS: Attack in which the actor sends a number of consecutive SYN requests to a target attempting to consume server resources.

Jays Booter: A customized shell booter, which can be instructed to attack a specific IP for a period of time in an attempt to boot the target off of the internet. There are three types of shells: POST, GET, and SLOWORIS.

HTTPFlooder: Program that attempts to flood the HTTP layer through GET and POST requests.

TORSHAMMER: A Slow POST DOS tool written in Python. It can be run through the TOR network, which will anonymize the attacker. It can impact unprotected web-servers running Apache and IIS.

R.U.D.Y: Also known as R-U-Dead-Yet. This is an HTTP POST DOS attack that allows the attacker to choose the forms and form fields that they want to use for the POST attack.

OWASP HTTP Tool: A Slow POST DOS tool that allows the attacker to generate a customized number of connections, connection rate, timeouts, and even the content length.

Anonymous DOSer: A customized DOS tool put together in visual basic. It is very simple to use and can be used for HTTP floods or UDP floods.

Windows_DNS_Attack_Tool: DNS Amplification tool. It uses open DNS resolvers and source address spoofing to create large denial of service attacks.

Goodbye: Similar to HTTPFlooder and R-U-Dead-Yet DDoS tools.

The following US-CERT advisories offer further information:

US-CERT Anonymous DDoS Activity: http://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA12-024A

US-CERT Understanding Denial-of-Service-Attacks: http://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST04-015

US-CERT DNS Amplification Attacks: http://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-088A

Password Crackers/Stealers

Several password crackers and stealers were spotted on related forums. Some of which are found below:

Backtrack 5: A Linux based penetration testing tool. The most recent edition was synced up with the new release of KaliLinux. This toolkit provides easy-to-use tools such as port scanners, metasploit, Nmap, Browser Exploitation Framework, Hydra, Aircrack-ng, and Ophcrack. Aircrack and Ophcrack are password crackers.

Hash Cracker: Refers to multiple free applications designed to crack MD2, MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA384, and SHA-512 using bruteforce techniques or using a rainbow table/dictionary attacks.

CpanelBruteReiluke: Bruteforce password cracking tool designed by a developer known as Reiluke. Reiluke also has made his blind SQL, email brute force, and exploit scanner tools available via open source.

Gmail_Hacker: Labeled as a free Gmail-specific password cracking tool which is advertised as taking less than 2 minutes to retrieve passwords.

Firefox Password Stealer: Provides details on how an attacker can turn their Firefox browser into a password stealer. This is not a tool, but rather direction for end users.

ICQ Steal0r: Program seems to be dedicated to stealing passwords of ICQ users. ICQ is an instant messaging application popularized by Mirabilis.

The following US-CERT advisories offer further information:

US-CERT Password Management: https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/PasswordMgmt2012.pdf

Proxy Servers/Anonymizers

In additional to options like the onion router (TOR), OpUSA members have advertised the following to assist actors in obfuscating their activity.

CYBERGHOST: A Virtual Private Network (VPN) simulator which sets up a proxy server allowing anonymous activity with 128-bit AES encryption. It also has the most server locations available in the US and a number of countries in Europe.

TunnelBear: This VPN simulator also circumvents Geoblocking, which is geographically blocking internet users from certain web services.

SumRando: This VPN simulator allows users to generate random IP addresses, which can obfuscate attribution.

Real Hide IP: Hides the IP address of anyone employing the application.

Hotspot Shield: Hides the IP address of anyone employing the application.

Other Tools Mentioned

Hacker groups have mentioned the following tools among several others that don’t fit the above categories.

Net Tools: This could refer to any number of items, but c|net offers a network toolbox that has network sniffing and scanning tools.

Pack Del Hacker: This is a simplified, online-based file-sharing service.

EmailScraperWizardv06b: This is noted as one of the more successful email scrapers on the internet. It can extract email addresses from websites.

IP Port Scanner: This could refer to multiple tools dedicated to scanning, mapping and discovering open ports.

IP Scanner: These types of tools can scan networks, detect devices, wireless devices, routers, and can find HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP folders.

DHCP_IP_Forcer: This allows an attacker to essentially scan a network and detect IP addresses and MAC addresses on a network. Some DHCP Force components allow the attacker to reconfigure modems.

Summary

While it is difficult to assess the specific tools that may be used against targeted organizations, this product is intended to provide organizations with an idea of the type of free tools that may be employed against them, so they may better prepare mitigation strategies during OpUSA or similar hacktivist operations. As always, NCCIC reminds users and administrators of the importance of best practices to strengthen the security posture of their organization’s systems. Critical Infrastructure Key Resource (CIKR) owners and operators should work toward a resilient network model that assumes such an attack will occur against their enterprise. The goal is to minimize damage, and provide pathways for restoration of critical business functions in the shortest amount of time possible.

The FBI – Organizer of International Securities Fraud Ring Sentenced to Prison for Using Hackers

TRENTON, NJ—The central organizer of a worldwide conspiracy to manipulate stock prices through a botnet network of virus-controlled computers was sentenced today in Trenton federal court to 71 months in prison, New Jersey U.S. Attorney Paul J. Fishman announced.

Christopher Rad, 44, of Cedar Park, Texas, was previously convicted, following a nine-day jury trial, of six counts arising from the fraud scheme: conspiring to further securities fraud using spam; conspiring to transmit spam through unauthorized access to computers; and four counts of transmission of spam by unauthorized computers.

The sentence was imposed by U.S. District Judge Joel A. Pisano, who also presided over the trial.

“Christopher Rad’s use of hackers to drive his pump-and-dump scheme illustrates a trend toward the modern mechanization of old-school scams,” said U.S. Attorney Fishman. “Law enforcement is constantly anticipating and adapting as criminals operate in a more virtual—and more global—world. As a result, Rad will spend years in prison for manipulating our markets to steal his millions.”

According to documents filed in this case and statements made in court:

Rad conspired with stock promoters in a scheme to manipulate the price and volume of dozens of particular stocks, including stocks with ticker symbols RSUV, QRVS, VSHE, SVXA, and ASIC, in order to later sell them at an artificially inflated price—a practice known as a “pump and dump” scheme. The scheme began as early as November 2007 and continued through February 2009.

As part of the scheme, Rad organized others to manipulate the stock prices. He sought out and engaged spammers and then sent them precise language to include in their spam campaigns.

The spammers included two individuals who distributed spam through botnets. To create a botnet, viruses were sent out to infect computers around the world, creating a virtual army of hijacked computers. The spammers then caused the botnets to distribute spam to promote the stocks Rad wanted to manipulate. Infected computers were found in New Jersey, Europe, Russia, and elsewhere. The botnet was controlled from command and control servers located overseas, including in Russia and China.

Rad, who went by the alias “billy_sack,” communicated with the spammers by Skype, in most instances knowing them only by their aliases. During the 22-month conspiracy, Rad paid the spammers more than $1.4 million, making payments through e-Gold—an electronic monetary payment system—and money wires. Payments intended for a botnet operator in Russia were made through at least eight different countries. The wire instruction notations included false information such as payments for “Dell Monitors,” “touch panels,” and “transportation services.”

Rad also agreed with others to engage in bad-faith purchases of RSUV to create the impression among spam recipients that there was active trading in the stock.

At the same time, hackers hacked into the brokerage accounts of third parties, liquidated the stocks in those accounts, and then used the accounts to purchase shares of some of the stocks the scheme sought to manipulate. This increased the volume of shares being traded and created an impression that the stocks were worth purchasing.

In all, Rad made approximately $2.8 million from his schemes.

In addition to the prison term, Judge Pisano sentenced Rad to serve five years of supervised release and ordered him to pay a $30,000 fine. Restitution will be determined at a later date.

Rad’s co-conspirators, Doyle Scott Elliott and James Bragg, previously pleaded guilty to securities fraud and transmission of spam through falsely registered e-mail addresses. They await sentencing.

U.S. Attorney Fishman credited special agents of the FBI, under the direction of Special Agent in Charge Aaron T. Ford in Newark, with the investigation. He also thanked the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Division of Enforcement, led by Acting Director George Canellos.

The government is represented by Assistant U.S. Attorney Andrew S. Pak, of the Computer Hacking and Intellectual Property Section of the U.S. Attorney’s Office Economic Crimes Unit (ECU); Christopher J. Kelly, Deputy Chief of the ECU; and Erez Liebermann, Deputy Chief of the Office’s Criminal Division in Newark.

This case was brought in coordination with President Barack Obama’s Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force. The task force was established to wage an aggressive, coordinated, and proactive effort to investigate and prosecute financial crimes. With more than 20 federal agencies, 94 U.S. Attorneys’ offices, and state and local partners, it is the broadest coalition of law enforcement, investigatory, and regulatory agencies ever assembled to combat fraud. Since its formation, the task force has made great strides in facilitating increased investigation and prosecution of financial crimes; enhancing coordination and cooperation among federal, state, and local authorities; addressing discrimination in the lending and financial markets; and conducting outreach to the public, victims, financial institutions, and other organizations. Over the past three fiscal years, the Justice Department has filed nearly 10,000 financial fraud cases against nearly 15,000 defendants including more than 2,900 mortgage fraud defendants. For more information on the task force, please visit http://www.stopfraud.gov.

TOP-SECRET-DHS-FBI Bulletins Identifying IP Addresses, Hostnames Associated With Malicious Cyber Activity Against the U.S. Government

DHS-FBI Bulletins Identifying IP Addresses, Hostnames Associated With Malicious Cyber Activity Against the U.S. Government

May 2, 2013 in Department of Homeland Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation

The following bulletins were released in February 2013 by the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) on a limited basis to “confirmed members of the cybersecurity community of practice, which may include critical infrastructure owners and operators, systems administrators, and information security practitioners.” Both versions of the bulletin were found to be available on a number of public websites associated with various professional associations and trade groups.

Joint Indicator Bulletin (JIB) – INC260425 27 pages February 18, 2013 Download
Joint Indicator Bulletin (JIB) – INC260425-2 10 pages February 26, 2013 Download

Various cyber actors have engaged in malicious activity against Government and Private Sector entities. The apparent objective of this activity has been the theft of intellectual property, trade secrets, and other sensitive business information. To this end, the malicious actors have employed a variety of techniques in order to infiltrate targeted organizations, establish a foothold, move laterally through the targets’ networks, and exfiltrate confidential or proprietary data. The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in collaboration with the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other partners, has created this Joint Indicator Bulletin, containing cyber indicators related to this activity. Organizations are advised to examine current and historical security logs for evidence of malicious activity related to the indicators in this bulletin and deploy additional protections as appropriate. In addition, DHS would welcome any additional information your organization may be able to share regarding this or similar activity, which may be provided to the US Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) at soc@uscert.gov.

Document Overview

This Joint Indicator Bulletin is comprised of several sections covering malware indicators, network traffic, tool indicators, hostnames, and IP addresses known to be associated with the ongoing malicious activity. If suspicious network traffic or malware is identified based on these indicators, affected systems should be investigated for signs of compromise.

To support developing shared situational awareness of cyber threats, DHS welcomes any additional information your organization may be able to share regarding this or similar activity. Such information can be provided to the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) at soc@us-cert.gov.

…

Indicator Descriptions

As a general matter, malicious cyber actors have multiple tools at their disposal and can represent a significant threat to targeted victim organizations. Such actors frequently compromise victim organizations with targeted spear-phishing campaigns, understand how to move laterally within a network to acquire targeted data, and often maintain undetected persistence on victim networks for months or even years. The indicators provided in this Bulletin include malware and compromised IP addresses and domains used by such actors.

Malware

Malicious activity like that described in this Bulletin usually originates via targeted spear phishing email campaigns that compromise victim organizations. These emails can result in the installation of one or more pieces of malware used to enable complete control of those systems. The presence of such malware is a strong indication the computer or network has been compromised.

Client Tools

During the course of a computer intrusion, malicious actors often download additional tools to victim systems for the purpose of evading local security measures and to compromise additional computers on victim networks. These tools might have legitimate uses, but, when combined with other indications of an intrusion, could indicate that the computer has been compromised. The presence of these tools alone is not necessarily a positive indication of malicious activity, but may enable an organization to identify malicious activity.
IP Addresses, Hostnames and Second-Level Domains

Malicious actors routinely compromise hosts on the Internet for the purpose of obscuring their activity, particularly the exfiltration of computer files from end-point victims. The majority of these compromised hosts have been configured to prevent identification of the source of the intrusion activity. The traffic from these hosts is generally legitimate, but, because they have been compromised, activity to and from these IPs should be reviewed for indications of malicious traffic.

Malicious actors also make use of numerous Internet hostnames for the purpose of compromising and controlling victim systems. Actors have been known to register second-level domains for their exclusive use in these activities. In addition, malicious actors have been known to use DNS providers that allow the use of specific hostnames that are part of shared second-level domains.

Many of these hostnames and domains may be legitimate hosts or domains that have been co-opted by malicious actors. Any number of the IP addresses or domains in this Bulletin may have been remediated prior to publication of this list. In some cases, a single IP address from this indicator list may represent hundreds or even thousands of legitimate independent websites, or may represent a small business network. A number of indicators contained in this Bulletin resolve back to large scale service providers whose services are being abused. For these reasons, outright blocking of these indicators is not recommended. Rather, traffic from these IPs or domains should be investigated for signs of compromise.

******************************
IP Address Awareness List
******************************

107[.]6[.]38[.]55
108[.]171[.]207[.]62
108[.]171[.]244[.]138
108[.]171[.]246[.]87
108[.]171[.]248[.]182
108[.]171[.]248[.]83
108[.]171[.]248[.]86
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99[.]4[.]102[.]249

******************************
Domain Name Awareness List
******************************

a-af[.]arrowservice[.]net
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covclient[.]arrowservice[.]net
cow[.]arrowservice[.]net
cowboy[.]bigish[.]net
crab[.]arrowservice[.]net
ctimoon[.]marsbrother[.]com
ctisu[.]bigish[.]net
ctisun[.]gmailboxes[.]com
ctx[.]bigish[.]net
ctx-na[.]purpledaily[.]com
cws[.]gmailboxes[.]com
date[.]gmailboxes[.]com
dec[.]globalsecuriy[.]org
default[.]arrowservice[.]net
demavda[.]arrowservice[.]net
diaup[.]gmailboxes[.]com
diplomatism[.]nsmp[.]ru
documents[.]busketball[.]com
domain[.]arrowservice[.]net
domain[.]busketball[.]com
dowjs[.]busketball[.]com
dowjs[.]gmailboxes[.]com
download[.]gmailboxes[.]com
downupdate[.]bigish[.]net
dowph[.]bigish[.]net
drb[.]arrowservice[.]net
drinkwater[.]gmailboxes[.]com
eatbeef[.]gmailboxes[.]com
eciie[.]marsbrother[.]com
ecliar[.]marsbrother[.]com
eclimx[.]marsbrother[.]com
ecli-mxcdb[.]arrowservice[.]net
ecli-newf[.]marsbrother[.]com
ecli-noa[.]marsbrother[.]com
ecli-tda[.]marsbrother[.]com
ecli-tmp[.]marsbrother[.]com
ecli-un[.]marsbrother[.]com
eshop[.]gmailboxes[.]com
ever[.]arrowservice[.]net
fbtel[.]gmailboxes[.]com
finekl[.]bigish[.]net
fme[.]busketball[.]com
fmp[.]bigish[.]net
fn[.]bigish[.]net
follow[.]purpledaily[.]com
food[.]busketball[.]com
foreignpolicy[.]zonet[.]us
free[.]gmailboxes[.]com
frickl[.]purpledaily[.]com
friends[.]arrowservice[.]net
fsol[.]businessformars[.]com
ftel[.]businessformars[.]com
gao[.]gaokew[.]com
gatu[.]arrowservice[.]net
gg[.]arrowservice[.]net
gl[.]gmailboxes[.]com
glj[.]purpledaily[.]com
gmailboxes[.]com
happy[.]arrowservice[.]net
help[.]gmailboxes[.]com
hill[.]arrowservice[.]net
home[.]arrowservice[.]net
honeywater[.]keren[.]la
host[.]arrowservice[.]net
house[.]gmailboxes[.]com
index[.]arrowservice[.]net
info[.]bigish[.]net
info[.]hj-spa[.]com
information[.]trickip[.]org
int[.]busketball[.]com
intel[.]busketball[.]com
intel[.]gmailboxes[.]com
invest[.]gmailboxes[.]com
itlove[.]bigish[.]net
jackhouse[.]bigish[.]net
junier[.]busketball[.]com
kbwfj[.]arrowservice[.]net
klbis[.]bigish[.]net
kl-hqun[.]gmailboxes[.]com
kllhd[.]bigish[.]net
klwest[.]purpledaily[.]com
klzafin[.]bigish[.]net
loading[.]bigish[.]net
love[.]arrowservice[.]net
love[.]busketball[.]com
lovecow[.]homenet[.]org
lovewater[.]now[.]im
mail[.]bigish[.]net
mail[.]gmailboxes[.]com
mail-na[.]businessformars[.]com
main[.]busketball[.]com
main[.]gmailboxes[.]com
max[.]arrowservice[.]net
mbc[.]busketball[.]com
mc[.]bigish[.]net
me[.]busketball[.]com
micyuisyahooapis[.]com
midstate[.]arrowservice[.]net
milk[.]arrowservice[.]net
mini[.]arrowservice[.]net
miss[.]pwnz[.]org
mko[.]busketball[.]com
mkx[.]arrowservice[.]net
mkx[.]gmailboxes[.]com
monewf[.]bigish[.]net
monlc[.]marsbrother[.]com
mos[.]arrowservice[.]net
moto[.]busketball[.]com
mpe[.]arrowservice[.]net
msdn[.]bigish[.]net
new[.]arrowservice[.]net
newfe[.]purpledaily[.]com
news[.]busketball[.]com
newspappers[.]org
nokkia[.]bigish[.]net
nousage[.]arrowservice[.]net
nrcod[.]arrowservice[.]net
oliver[.]arrowservice[.]net
omin[.]marsbrother[.]com
ope[.]coastmaritime[.]org
opp[.]coastmaritime[.]org
opp[.]globalsecuriy[.]org
orca[.]arrowservice[.]net
paekl[.]gmailboxes[.]com
pdns[.]info[.]tm
phb[.]arrowservice[.]net
pieckl[.]bigish[.]net
point[.]gmailboxes[.]com
ppt[.]arrowservice[.]net
ppt[.]ezua[.]com
purpledaily[.]com
qhun-mons[.]businessformars[.]com
records[.]marsbrother[.]com
release[.]busketball[.]com
repid[.]arrowservice[.]net
rfckl[.]bigish[.]net
rice[.]bigish[.]net
rixiokl[.]bigish[.]net
russiaactions[.]summitnato[.]ro
saltlakenews[.]org
sbasun[.]busketball[.]com
scpkl[.]bigish[.]net
sea[.]arrowservice[.]net
service[.]arrowservice[.]net
service[.]purpledaily[.]com
services[.]busketball[.]com
services[.]gmailboxes[.]com
skill[.]arrowservice[.]net
sksucc[.]arrowservice[.]net
sona[.]arrowservice[.]net
spckl[.]bigish[.]net
spcmon[.]marsbrother[.]com
sremx[.]bigish[.]net
ssun[.]arrowservice[.]net
stock[.]bigish[.]net
stoneal[.]bigish[.]net
stulaw[.]bigish[.]net
stuwal[.]gmailboxes[.]com
suicide[.]suicide-forum[.]com
sun[.]arrowservice[.]net
suncirf[.]bigish[.]net
suntop[.]arrowservice[.]net
sword[.]bigish[.]net
tclient[.]arrowservice[.]net
tia[.]gmailboxes[.]com
topbox[.]gmailboxes[.]com
topbus[.]busketball[.]com
topkl[.]bigish[.]net
topmoney[.]purpledaily[.]com
tour[.]bigish[.]net
trb[.]arrowservice[.]net
trip[.]arrowservice[.]net
ttestt[.]arrowservice[.]net
ug-rj[.]arrowservice[.]net
update[.]busketball[.]com
updating[.]ddns[.]info
usapappers[.]com
ustop[.]bigish[.]net
vipmx[.]businessformars[.]com
vockl[.]bigish[.]net
walk[.]bigish[.]net
walstb[.]gmailboxes[.]com
was[.]arrowservice[.]net
wasa[.]arrowservice[.]net
wcasekl[.]gmailboxes[.]com
web[.]arrowservice[.]net
weblog[.]bigish[.]net
webmail[.]arrowservice[.]net
westjoe[.]purpledaily[.]com
westking[.]bigish[.]net
westnew[.]marsbrother[.]com
what[.]arrowservice[.]net
whl[.]bigish[.]net
wk[.]gmailboxes[.]com
works[.]myddns[.]com
workstation[.]arrowservice[.]net
www[.]arrowservice[.]net
www[.]globalsecuriy[.]org
www-01[.]marsbrother[.]com
www-02[.]marsbrother[.]com
www2[.]dsmtp[.]com
www2[.]wikaba[.]com
www-dell[.]marsbrother[.]com
www-hp[.]marsbrother[.]com
www-ibm[.]busketball[.]com
wwww[.]arrowservice[.]net
zgrshy[.]zyns[.]com
zgrshy10[.]zyns[.]com
zgrshy11[.]zyns[.]com

******************************
Malware Indicator Awareness List
******************************

MD5 Checksum

242946ed32dc3749e5b4f7827b905e5e
b2ddcf194cacc69ee7bcd3f9989f6162
5c58a8d8cab00ad3fac419da03644b59
1cc0ce317edad8521c236c84b74e14f8
9d42ce823fc711eaeb542f4050f17125
8845cb5b4e450cb10a3b6ca41a9b4319
1fe90bd6a1092ec74f78181785e785f8
a6e7504315f5dada56189635cd7a27b1
957b13cffeea1722a2369e2bb5e79287
0e98cffc64a1e822946066f62e1fd02c
1a87d955bc876098f50b8a48d8db4aaf
a207590fdcec8018c5a902483b651302
9087f73602d81be177b568e15f6b033b
a884545277cae36928f36c372f6a18ac
051967e8a92a6e1b02a6c8b2225b01c5
314d5943e55c065e40f3a20ab56de7a3
697b18e734740ad9129ebd241040492a
7f7cc1a8d7a6bbe6a52c94bb7f41f727
b8988e23d4d8427584637d1f9ab78a8e
e6446d52e9f4b5c2c5a9ac850281cae8
bf778439895829ff986207900bfcfe02
1d69504a3d3ac32275fa4df8af25d1f7
cf96139290c09963a32506cd85825ed3
3b266b165468b810cd456cdf88ca8619
88c0e5a4ca408ac12acaaf7a9ef9eb49
08ac41ce00bf436a3dc23c4639d5f5ed
2a8f14ed1cb6fdb49ab946fc54fc8c86
4a54d7878d4170c3d4e3c3606365c42c
659fb07c70034571de7a1b4b5ac86b01
7c6443e646c973ac10a1048d521a70a9
82c598abdf848c6fef03c63f5cf7feaf
888eadff6982de01c60891ce185473b7
9a847c1f54359ffd3c335e97600f6f5d
a19e68e72084d867a39776faaa6f5fce
e27f0975fd3278e7303102783767c508
d36427db95cd055a5a25f445d80c27ee
e3faff9149fed468aa63f10a40b935d6
c7f7d8bf633a1b81088315b93831e82d
7f90942ace185ca1ba5610f6eddf3376
ad95f613fc4b644bd5e3230eb0b5dbcc
4943a255952e107fec41e9c29a5b2724
c7d5845718c7fa5a777bcd801d8e00f4
34062335f95d074272a5487be37ee701
3f82f1cba90d320af90d965a321a1187
45a4141f603c8bfa7950e15a074ef976
4bc894e369f31b7190eaeb99c23eb000
55f41be09de5dcd5aaa0132804506868
6eb99bed5b5fcb3fdb26f37aff2c9adb
87cf89742ef0a1c1f76664caa6c0a1a7
b9f20ff30ce6dbb461ab6d27fe8c4bda
bcc6addece28265390b2d535d65c49b8
fc277785c49d743697adc06a3db77c5d
2de36fa400225c39481283daf4a686d8
324a7d63a178f3ac8dde5b59675ef282
37bd6fceaf412427db8c8a34c5ad9ba7
3a33dbe37292a1cbfa760d1892812e08
c243a7c1cf23b91f73100bb9e947439e
caafdafdd17abe0f0303a456bcd4ab01
e194a6d7f1aa6671d2134047050a4322
e35414a5cb10bccf6424ee51f0cdd6cc
21e35f309f7d6368fd8346ba409fab73
3fa99e50933ce584d010ec194229764a
41b551d30321a5ae1342180d1e73e82e
7cd15bb31ff889e81f370d0535e02493
9428a54a7acd6adc3f9b662ef432edf4
f82d3b270b16780044817978f4f3fe1a
22e10cbe46f406f5f1be0d613db4c2c3
a6cba31fcca49ff9ed6fd9894644de9e
48fc61a8f94c6e7c9c8965817f57af7e
00b61db083b07a64fb6072b42aa83dc1
aea5dc22e706c836d056f4ba1f13dea3
3599a78c7e99b451c00d3490f17f842f
137aad4c7c4e0d8ba0ad74c34cf8434c
14095f921f50cf639bf00b389ea79959
2d2876bd1f263babe9d09e8e950916cc
ac9e0b2af215821f7223b6eaeaea03db
c5851c22c2a2e4bccf015a20e0af6cac
c9645367f032bf12b251e4f30e21b936
cec766518fa5b607157e92e9c24c0d03
da521200a939a9fe85f467d65d419990
6428ac60d1eea0f20073cfb869674266
affc4d42a6a66f6a745c5702608d0442
c296ae9220c44e51cfbeb029b6103d1b
cfdd9241adcda8755c54032fd2b5757d
db22512d361a339cfadaa275c550b385
e2a557b39231ee91724c150e3ec4b493
491db327f479a1a34898229811fa8a5d
6b6a9062e9c74a98a1f1a2fe7c2adcd7
D46D261EC92DAF703CD584F10037198C
ce2f4abe8b4f3a57891ca865c4fe6ece
3de1bd0f2107198931177b2b23877df4
a207590fdceb8018b5a902483b651302
0ba71b7dbf0394f509ef6174faa0bbf0
1a8ee0ec99320e213432a26a91df8811
232d1be2d8cbbd1cf57494a934628504
6ae05937bce80b7d16497cb82e6a52d6
73e81b099f9b469a07063555e822dac1
39f1ac84ad939fb72cc6e438ecea9729
3a2cdf3c09c061a5cf6a58069506955a
f3c6c797ef80787e6cbeeaa77496a3cb
217c9dc682018c7055c660dd5dd0f8ca
1cb4b79e338bec06e65ff8d37de53c55
dd2aec3803ce39c4a148325d33f575e3
5474e37159b1a438659e7e5bf1f45389
48437eb28ff1bfff5c0a4661a8c3055d
310cba19e6f7fd07adf203c27e46a0c9
9cb4ee95948292be131f7c4ee3bdcf21
7ce22cb797d2940818154ce0dcc48306
53f1e2e5f0152a3a119e112b6cf5426e
204c13f7ed2d3e5c78f3ef8a44eb561c
ca6fe7a1315af5afeac2961460a80569
53f49c58613669f25921de0b6dae1268
82e0472271500713cd2457921ab1c565
93e33bf0417a857ae894ed294aa0e15a
9e5df2cfd0c8def21c9e114d1d2696dd
******************************
IP Address Awareness List
******************************

100[.]42[.]216[.]230
108[.]166[.]200[.]130
108[.]171[.]211[.]152
108[.]171[.]251[.]102
113[.]196[.]231[.]13
12[.]11[.]239[.]25
12[.]14[.]129[.]91
12[.]15[.]0[.]131
12[.]167[.]251[.]84
12[.]2[.]49[.]115
12[.]232[.]138[.]23
12[.]30[.]41[.]134
12[.]33[.]114[.]160
12[.]33[.]114[.]224
121[.]55[.]220[.]79
122[.]146[.]219[.]130
129[.]44[.]254[.]139
140[.]112[.]19[.]195
140[.]116[.]72[.]95
161[.]58[.]177[.]111
161[.]58[.]93[.]50
163[.]20[.]172[.]230
172[.]254[.]222[.]138
173[.]10[.]39[.]53
173[.]160[.]48[.]149
173[.]163[.]133[.]177
173[.]224[.]213[.]184
173[.]224[.]213[.]247
173[.]224[.]215[.]177
173[.]231[.]45[.]231
173[.]254[.]222[.]138
199[.]119[.]201[.]124
203[.]170[.]198[.]56
204[.]11[.]236[.]81
204[.]111[.]73[.]150
204[.]111[.]73[.]155
204[.]12[.]248[.]2
204[.]13[.]68[.]10
204[.]14[.]142[.]210
204[.]14[.]88[.]45
204[.]215[.]64[.]28
204[.]249[.]169[.]4
204[.]249[.]169[.]5
204[.]45[.]16[.]204
204[.]74[.]218[.]145
204[.]9[.]208[.]14
205[.]159[.]83[.]12
205[.]209[.]161[.]13
205[.]209[.]172[.]204
205[.]234[.]168[.]48
207[.]173[.]155[.]44
207[.]36[.]209[.]221
207[.]40[.]43[.]102
207[.]71[.]209[.]148
208[.]109[.]50[.]151
208[.]185[.]233[.]163
208[.]239[.]156[.]123
208[.]37[.]108[.]211
208[.]53[.]100[.]162
208[.]68[.]171[.]220
208[.]69[.]32[.]231
208[.]77[.]45[.]131
208[.]77[.]45[.]142
208[.]77[.]45[.]82
208[.]77[.]51[.]210
208[.]87[.]241[.]135
209[.]113[.]219[.]6
209[.]18[.]107[.]90
209[.]208[.]114[.]83
209[.]208[.]95[.]7
209[.]247[.]221[.]40
209[.]247[.]221[.]50
209[.]25[.]220[.]42
209[.]74[.]45[.]226
209[.]75[.]160[.]64
210[.]244[.]193[.]249
211[.]21[.]210[.]220
216[.]1[.]59[.]4
216[.]143[.]158[.]107
216[.]145[.]228[.]153
216[.]213[.]199[.]194
216[.]215[.]103[.]2
216[.]36[.]123[.]11
216[.]62[.]168[.]249
216[.]65[.]11[.]111
218[.]32[.]87[.]100
219[.]87[.]141[.]74
24[.]249[.]171[.]231
46[.]105[.]227[.]80
50[.]62[.]130[.]15
58[.]86[.]239[.]103
60[.]251[.]74[.]9
61[.]218[.]144[.]43
61[.]221[.]67[.]184
63[.]102[.]52[.]130
63[.]111[.]125[.]50
63[.]114[.]150[.]17
63[.]120[.]209[.]85
63[.]126[.]244[.]253
63[.]134[.]229[.]137
63[.]134[.]229[.]138
63[.]134[.]233[.]60
63[.]134[.]233[.]62
63[.]138[.]249[.]244
63[.]139[.]221[.]130
63[.]139[.]221[.]26
63[.]147[.]185[.]40
63[.]147[.]31[.]178
63[.]162[.]4[.]2
63[.]162[.]42[.]46
63[.]163[.]61[.]9
63[.]171[.]89[.]5
63[.]195[.]112[.]159
63[.]200[.]159[.]118
63[.]211[.]192[.]150
63[.]211[.]192[.]181
63[.]225[.]225[.]42
63[.]228[.]128[.]19
63[.]245[.]62[.]11
63[.]246[.]147[.]11
63[.]64[.]175[.]136
63[.]73[.]10[.]130
63[.]73[.]11[.]15
63[.]82[.]1[.]226
63[.]84[.]24[.]72
63[.]84[.]24[.]77
63[.]97[.]51[.]121
64[.]122[.]68[.]213
64[.]126[.]12[.]2
64[.]14[.]81[.]30
64[.]184[.]2[.]3
64[.]25[.]15[.]226
64[.]32[.]164[.]43
64[.]34[.]172[.]210
64[.]4[.]217[.]138
64[.]50[.]130[.]74
64[.]65[.]230[.]242
64[.]81[.]194[.]171
64[.]81[.]252[.]163
65[.]107[.]54[.]158
65[.]112[.]75[.]130
65[.]114[.]195[.]226
65[.]116[.]58[.]5
65[.]119[.]5[.]3
65[.]124[.]105[.]76
65[.]17[.]233[.]30
65[.]207[.]215[.]10
66[.]0[.]167[.]105
66[.]153[.]38[.]202
66[.]155[.]114[.]145
66[.]16[.]75[.]201
66[.]167[.]118[.]29
66[.]179[.]156[.]10
66[.]181[.]8[.]162
66[.]23[.]224[.]213
66[.]28[.]12[.]144
66[.]55[.]14[.]78
66[.]85[.]185[.]201
66[.]92[.]12[.]252
66[.]93[.]91[.]235
67[.]102[.]7[.]3
67[.]109[.]132[.]202
67[.]109[.]90[.]99
67[.]132[.]222[.]231
67[.]133[.]107[.]131
67[.]19[.]22[.]82
67[.]88[.]107[.]8
67[.]93[.]14[.]2
68[.]165[.]209[.]227
68[.]72[.]242[.]130
69[.]11[.]244[.]91
69[.]152[.]184[.]182
69[.]20[.]4[.]85
69[.]20[.]5[.]223
69[.]20[.]6[.]142
69[.]20[.]61[.]230
69[.]25[.]176[.]110
69[.]25[.]50[.]10
69[.]28[.]168[.]10
69[.]3[.]32[.]220
69[.]39[.]133[.]114
69[.]39[.]133[.]115
69[.]39[.]133[.]117
69[.]5[.]38[.]37
69[.]53[.]120[.]170
69[.]55[.]180[.]4
69[.]69[.]94[.]3
69[.]74[.]43[.]87
69[.]90[.]123[.]6
69[.]95[.]204[.]2
70[.]62[.]232[.]98
70[.]86[.]21[.]146
71[.]130[.]117[.]49
71[.]16[.]27[.]212
71[.]6[.]141[.]230
71[.]6[.]51[.]180
71[.]6[.]51[.]181
71[.]63[.]28[.]61
72[.]167[.]162[.]96
72[.]167[.]33[.]182
72[.]22[.]11[.]30
72[.]236[.]177[.]171
72[.]242[.]59[.]163
72[.]245[.]176[.]82
72[.]9[.]145[.]216
72[.]91[.]193[.]160
72[.]94[.]51[.]6
74[.]115[.]0[.]29
74[.]115[.]6[.]20
74[.]165[.]93[.]5
74[.]200[.]213[.]110
74[.]206[.]99[.]189
74[.]208[.]227[.]72
74[.]208[.]45[.]82
74[.]211[.]195[.]39
74[.]213[.]52[.]10
74[.]55[.]160[.]98
74[.]55[.]178[.]42
74[.]63[.]87[.]106
74[.]86[.]197[.]56
74[.]86[.]31[.]98
74[.]9[.]137[.]146
74[.]92[.]102[.]227
74[.]94[.]16[.]166
74[.]94[.]52[.]114
75[.]126[.]166[.]204
75[.]145[.]139[.]19
75[.]148[.]254[.]114
75[.]52[.]208[.]225
75[.]77[.]82[.]115
75[.]77[.]82[.]219
76[.]160[.]133[.]60
76[.]161[.]97[.]99
77[.]247[.]180[.]154
94[.]195[.]239[.]81
98[.]126[.]107[.]34

******************************
Domain Name Awareness List
******************************

advanbusiness[.]com
aoldaily[.]com
applesoftupdate[.]com
arrowservice[.]net
articles[.]twilightparadox[.]com
aunewsonline[.]com
bechtel[.]chickenkiller[.]com
bigish[.]net
businessconsults[.]net
businessformars[.]com
canadatvsite[.]com
canoedaily[.]com
chileexe77[.]com
climate[.]undo[.]it
cnndaily[.]com
cnndaily[.]net
comrepair[.]net
defenceonline[.]net
downloadsite[.]me
e-cardsshop[.]com
economic[.]mooo[.]com
firefoxupdata[.]com
freshreaders[.]net
honeycow[.]keren[.]la
hugesoft[.]org
info[.]serveusers[.]com
issnbgkit[.]net
jobsadvanced[.]com
marsbrother[.]com
mcafeepaying[.]com
news[.]trickip[.]org
newsonet[.]net
newsonlinesite[.]com
niemannews[.]com
nytimesnews[.]net
pop-musicsite[.]com
rssadvanced[.]org
satellitebbs[.]com
staycools[.]net
symanteconline[.]net
thehealthmood[.]net
todayusa[.]org
upload[.]ignorelist[.]com
usabbs[.]org
usnewssite[.]com
voiceofman[.]com
work[.]myftp[.]name
yahoodaily[.]com

Revealed – DHS-FBI Indicators and Protective Measures In Light of Boston Marathon Explosions

(U//FOUO) This Joint Intelligence Bulletin provides law enforcement and private sector safety officials with protective measures in light of the recent explosions that took place at the 2013 Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts. The information is provided to support the activities of DHS and FBI and to assist federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial government counterterrorism and first responder officials and the private sector to deter, prevent, preempt, or respond to terrorist attacks in the United States.

(U) Incident Details

(U) On 15 April 2013, at approximately 2:45 pm, two explosions occurred in quick succession near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing at least three people and causing numerous injuries.

(U) Ongoing Concerns with Terrorism in the Homeland

(U//FOUO) The activities in Boston highlight the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to target large gatherings, including at special events, in order to inflict mass casualties. Examples of previously attempted or plotted IED attacks include:

— (U//FOUO) The undetonated IED discovered along the planned 2011 “Martin Luther King Jr. Unity March” parade route in Spokane, Washington;
— (U//FOUO) The November 2010 plot to detonate a vehicle-borne IED (VBIED) at an annual Christmas tree lighting ceremony in Portland, Oregon;
— (U//FOUO) The October 2010 plot to conduct multiple mass casualty bombings at Metrorail stations in Washington, DC;
— (U//FOUO) The May 2010 attempted detonation of a vehicle-borne IED in Times Square; and
— (U//FOUO) The September 2009 plot to attack the New York City subway using IEDs.

(U//FOUO) Indicators of Pre-Operational Surveillance and Attack Planning

(U//FOUO) Given these events, we are providing indicators and protective measures to aid law enforcement and first responders in identifying and mitigating potential threats. Each indicator listed below may be by itself, lawful conduct or behavior and may also constitute the exercise of rights guaranteed by the US Constitution. In addition, there may be a wholly innocent explanation for conduct or behavior that appears suspicious in nature. For this reason, no single indicator should be the sole basis for law enforcement action. The totality of behavioral indicators and other relevant circumstances should be evaluated when considering any law enforcement response or action.

(U//FOUO) Possible indicators of pre-operational surveillance or attack planning include:

— (U//FOUO) Unusual or prolonged interest in or attempts to gain sensitive information about security measures of personnel, entry points, peak days and hours of operation, and access controls such as alarms or locks;
— (U//FOUO) Observation of security reaction drills or procedures; multiple false alarms or fictitious emergency calls to same locations or similar venues;
— (U//FOUO) Discreet use of cameras or video recorders, sketching, or note-taking consistent with pre-operational surveillance;
— (U//FOUO) Interest in speaking with building maintenance personnel;
— (U//FOUO) Observation of or questions about facility security measures, to include barriers, restricted areas, cameras, and intrusion detection systems;
— (U//FOUO) Observations of or questions about facility air conditioning, heating, and ventilation systems;
— (U//FOUO) Suspicious purchases of items that could be used to construct an explosive device, including hydrogen peroxide, acetone, gasoline, propane, or fertilizer;
— (U//FOUO) Suspicious activities in storage facilities or other areas that could be used to construct an explosive device; and
— (U//FOUO) Attempted or unauthorized access to rooftops or other potentially sensitive areas.DHS-FBI-BostonMarathonIndicators

TOP-SECRET-DHS-FBI Information Regarding the Devices Likely Used in Boston Marathon Explosions

(U//FOUO) This Joint Intelligence Bulletin provides information on the devices used in the 15 April 2013 Boston Marathon explosions. The information is intended to provide aid in identifying devices and to support the activities of DHS and FBI and to assist federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial government counterterrorism and first responder officials and the private sector to deter, prevent, preempt, or respond to terrorist attacks in the United States.

(U//FOUO) Incident Details

(U) On 15 April 2013, at approximately 2:50 p.m., two explosions occurred in quick succession near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing at least three people and causing numerous injuries. Preliminary findings reveal the two devices were located less than a block apart, and functioned within approximately 10-15 seconds of each other. Both devices were concealed in backpacks and placed where spectators were gathered.

(U) Preliminary Device Details

(U//FOUO) Based on preliminary examination of photographs and on-scene reports, one improvised explosive device (IED) consisted of a pressure cooker concealed in a backpack with an as of yet determined main charge (possibly a low explosive) and improvised fragmentation, possibly including nails, BBs, and ball bearings. The other device was also housed in a metal container, but currently there is insufficient evidence to determine if it was also a pressure cooker. The fuzing system and method of initiation for the two devices are unknown at this time.

(U//FOUO) Further post-blast analysis and chemical analysis is necessary to confirm the presence of these components and the identity of the main charge explosive. Collection of evidence is ongoing and forensic and technical analysis will be forthcoming.

(U) Ongoing Concerns with Terrorism in the Homeland

(U//FOUO) The activities in Boston highlight the use of IEDs to target large gatherings, such as special events, in order to inflict mass casualties. Pressure cooker bombs are extremely common in Southwest Asia and have been used in a number of high profile bombings in India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. They have also been referenced in extremist publications such as Inspire and the The Anarchist Cookbook. Examples of previously attempted or plotted IED attacks using pressure cookers include:

— (U//FOUO) One of three devices used in the 1 May 2010 attack in Times Square incorporated a pressure cooker containing approximately 120 firecrackers.
— (U//FOUO) On 24 May 2012, PFC Naser Jason Abdo was convicted of attempted use of a weapon of mass destruction and, on 10 August 2012, was sentenced to two consecutive sentences of life in prison, plus 60 years. He was in possession of bomb-making components, including two pressure cookers.

Abby Wilson FBUID 100001249857290	Abraham Gomez FBUID 100001545932069	Adia Mitchell FBUID 100003299460070	Alfred Nilsson FBUID 100004842848351
Alice Nilsson FBUID 100004672090339	Alice Taylor FBUID 100002924701430	Amanda Teyson FBUID 100004718351670	Barbara White FBUID 100002477442501
Berna Nani Achando FBUID 100003744333197	Brian Gibson FBUID 100003911053827	David Williams FBUID 100001537364844	Delia Carlsen FBUID 100001476095681
Donnie Eadense FBUID 103773899813841	Dorotha Baasch FBUID 100005436935593	Elizabeth Anderson FBUID 100002725315556	Gina McCarron FBUID 100002199199861
Heida Wagner FBUID 100001511282747	Jane Baker (Ava T. Foster) FBUID 100007144985923	Jeann Maclkin FBUID 100003591027097	Jinny Beyer FBUID 100004052511791
John Molavi FBUID 100001700742641	Joseph Nilsson FBUID 100004530097827	Josh Nilsson (Josh Furie) FBUID 100004516801118	Justin Snyder FBUID 100001450033215
Kendrick Babcock FBUID 100006297457628	Mahnaz Rahami FBUID 100001342226413	Mahsa Handyani FBUID 100001429057324	Marine Johnson FBUID 100003795818292
Mark Blyth FBUID 100002866859249	Mary Cole FBUID 100006363725699	Medhi Betterekoon FBUID 100002348575647	Mehdi Rastegar FBUID 100001483627448
Mehdi Sharooz FBUID 100002200349173	Michelle Hagerman FBUID 100002420632572	Mina Kasayi FBUID 100001881978783	Nancy William FBUID 100001739552330
Natasha Lovsky FBUID 100001778948301	Nilofar Shorabi FBUID 100001924237927	Olivia Johnson FBUID 100002864097606	Painfuol Strick FBUID 100002396473189
Rad Alborz FBUID 1431218901	Reza Salimi FBUID 100004568527560	Rozita Farhang FBUID 100001317388321	Sandra Maler FBUID 100006345461158
Sandy Laughlin FBUID 100001223376364	Sara Afsoon FBUID 100001667363382	Sara McKibben FBUID 100007150052891	Sharon Wilson FBUID 100002474596665
Sheida Zamani FBUID 100001867145251	Simin Rahnama FBUID 100001837158118	Susan Thomas FBUID 100003080928027	Thomas Clausen FBUID 100001560125984
Tim Caochoo FBUID 100001777117063	Tina Moradi FBUID 100002340489471	William Cooper FBUID 100003792613688	Zainab Osman FBUID 100002919467608

National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)

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