The German Organized Crime Family known by the name of “GoMoPa” is in association with the SJB, Neuss Rhineland, “GoMoPa” is as shortened version of their bogus name “Goldman, Morgenstern and Partner”
They are the heirs of the former Organized Crime Familiy in Germany – the STASI.
Here are the most important facts;
Theย Ministry for State Securityย (German:ย Ministerium fรผr Staatssicherheitย (MfS), commonly known as theย Stasiย (IPA:ย [หสtaziห]) (abbreviationย German:ย Staatssicherheit, literally State Security), was the official state security service ofย East Germany. The MfS was headquartered inย East Berlin, with an extensive complex inย Berlin-Lichtenbergย and several smaller facilities throughout the city. It was widely regarded as one of the most effective and repressiveย intelligenceย andย secret policeย agencies in the world. The MfS motto wasย “Schild und Schwert der Partei”ย (Shield and Sword of the Party), that is the rulingย Socialist Unity Party of Germanyย (SED).
| Ministerium fรผr Staatssicherheit | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Seal of the Ministry of State Security of the GDR | |||
| Agencyย overview | |||
| Formed | February 9, 1950[1] | ||
| Dissolved | October 4, 1990ย (End of GDR) | ||
| Headquarters | East Berlin,ย GDR | ||
| Employees | 68,000 | ||
Creation of the StasiThe MfS was founded on 8 February 1950[citation needed]. It was modeled on theย Sovietย MGB[citation needed], and was regarded by theย Soviet Unionย as an extremely loyal and effective partner[citation needed].ย Wilhelm Zaisserย was the firstย Minister of State Securityย of the GDR, andย Erich Mielkeย his deputy. Zaisser, who tried to depose SED General Secretaryย Walter Ulbrichtย after theย June 1953 uprising[2]ย was after this removed by Ulbricht and replaced byย Ernst Wollweber. Wollweber resigned in 1957 after clashes with Ulbricht andย Erich Honecker, and was succeeded by his deputy,ย Erich Mielke. Early on the Stasi waged a campaign against Jews, who were alreadyย subject to widespread discrimination and violence in the Soviet Union. The Stasi censored the fact that Jews had been victims during the previous regime and in one instance, took gold from the bodies of Jews. The Stasi labeled Jews as capitalists and criminals.[3][4]ย Gypsiesย were also blamed in the Stasi propaganda.[5] In 1957,ย Markus Wolfย became head of theย Hauptverwaltung Aufklรคrungย (HVA) (General Reconnaissance Administration), its foreign intelligence section. As intelligence chief, Wolf achieved great success in penetrating the government, political and business circles ofย West Germanyย with spies. The most influential case was that ofย Gรผnter Guillaumeย which led to the downfall of West Germanย Chancellorย Willy Brandtย in May 1974. In 1986, Wolf retired and was succeeded byย Werner Grossmann. [edit]Relationship with the KGBAlthough Mielke’s Stasi was superficially granted independence in 1957, until 1990 theย KGBย continued to maintain liaison officers in all eight main Stasi directorates, each with his own office inside the Stasi’s Berlin compound, and in each of the fifteen Stasi district headquarters around East Germany.[6]ย Collaboration was so close that the KGB invited the Stasi to establish operational bases in Moscow and Leningrad to monitor visiting East German tourists and Mielke referred to the Stasi officers as “Chekistsย of the Soviet Union.”[6]ย In 1978, Mielke formally granted KGB officers in East Germany the same rights and powers they enjoyed in the Soviet Union.[6] OrganizationThe Ministry for State Security also included the following entities:
Stasi operationsFurther information:ย Eastern Bloc politics
See also:ย Censorship in East Germany
PersonnelBetween 1950 and 1989, the Stasi employed a total of 274,000 people in an effort to root out the class enemy.[8][9]ย In 1989, the Stasi employed 91,015 persons full time, including 2,000 fully employed unofficial collaborators, 13,073 soldiers and 2,232 officers of GDR army,[10]ย along with 173,081 unofficial informants inside GDR[11]ย and 1,553 informants inย West Germany.[12]ย In terms of the identity ofย inoffizielle Mitarbeiter(IMs) Stasi informants, by 1995, 174,000 had been identified, which approximated 2.5% of East Germany’s population between the ages of 18 and 60.[8]ย 10,000 IMs were under 18 years of age.[8] While these calculations were from official records, according to the federal commissioner in charge of the Stasi archives in Berlin, because many such records were destroyed, there were likely closer to 500,000 Stasi informers.[8]ย A former Stasi colonel who served in the counterintelligence directorate estimated that the figure could be as high as 2 million if occasional informants were included.[8] InfiltrationFull-time officers were posted to all major industrial plants (the extensiveness of any surveillance largely depended on how valuable a product was to the economy)[9]ย and one tenant in every apartment building was designated as a watchdog reporting to an area representative of theย Volkspolizeiย (Vopo).[13]ย Spies reported every relative or friend who stayed the night at another’s apartment.[13]ย Tiny holes were drilled in apartment and hotel room walls through which Stasi agents filmed citizens with special video cameras.[13]ย Schools, universities, and hospitals were extensively infiltrated.[13] The Stasi had formal categorizations of each type of informant, and had official guidelines on how to extract information from, and control, those who they came into contact with.[14]ย The roles of informants ranged from those already in some way involved in state security (such as the police and the armed services) to those in the dissident movements (such as in the arts and theย Protestant Church).[15]ย Information gathered about the latter groups was frequently used to divide or discredit members.[16]ย Informants were made to feel important, given material or social incentives, and were imbued with a sense of adventure, and only around 7.7%, according to official figures, were coerced into cooperating. A significant proportion of those informing were members of the SED; to employ some form of blackmail, however, was not uncommon.[15]ย A large number of Stasi informants were trolley conductors, janitors, doctors, nurses and teachers; Mielke believed the best informants were those whose jobs entailed frequent contact with the public.[17] The Stasi’s ranks swelled considerably afterย Eastern Blocย countries signed the 1975ย Helsinki accords, whichย Erich Honeckerย viewed as a grave threat to his regime because they contained language binding signatories to respect “human and basic rights, including freedom of thought, conscience, religion, and conviction.”[18]ย The number of IMs peaked at around 180,000 in this year, having slowly risen from 20,000โ30,000 in the early 1950s, and reaching 100,000 for the first time in 1968, in response toย Ostpolitikย andย protests worldwide.[19]ย The Stasi also acted as a proxy for KGB to conduct activities in other Eastern Bloc countries, such asย Poland, where the Soviets were despised.[20] The MfS infiltrated almost every aspect of GDR life. In the mid-1980s, a network of IMs began growing in both German states; by the time East Germany collapsed in 1989, the MfS employed 91,015 employees and 173,081 informants.[21]ย About one of every 63 East Germans collaborated with the MfSโone of the most extensive police infiltrations of a society in history. In 2007 an article in BBC stated that “Some calculations have concluded that in East Germany there was one informer to every seven citizens.”[22]ย Additionally, MfS agents infiltrated and undermined West Germany’s government and spy agencies. In an extreme case, Stasi informant Knud Wollenberger (code name Daniel) married civil rights and peace activistย Vera Lengsfeldย specifically to keep a watch on her.[17] Executions of dissidentsPeople were imprisoned for such reasons as trying to leave the country, or telling political jokes. Prisoners were kept, isolated and disoriented, knowing nothing of what was going on in the outside world.[23] After the mid-1950s, Stasi executions were carried out in strict secrecy, and were usually accomplished with aย guillotineย and, in later years, by a single pistol shot to the neck.[24]ย In most instances, the relatives of the executed were not informed of either the sentence or the execution.[24] After the Berlin Wall fell, X-ray machines were found in the prisons. Indeed, three of the best-known dissidents died within a few months of each other, of similar rare forms of leukaemia. Survivors state that the MfS intentionally irradiated political prisoners with high-dose radiation, possibly to provoke cancer in them.[23]International operations International operationsSee also:ย Hauptverwaltung Aufklรคrung
Other files (theย Rosenholz Files), which contained the names of East German spies abroad, led American spy agencies to capture them. After German reunification, it was revealed that the MfS had secretly aided left-wing terrorists such as theย Red Army Faction, even though no part of the RAF had ever been ideologically aligned with the GDR. Directorate X was responsible for disinformation. Rolf Wagenbreth, director of disinformation operations, stated “Our friends in Moscow call it โdezinformatsiya’. Our enemies in America call it โactive measures,โ and I, dear friends, call it โmy favorite pastime'”. Examples
Fall of CommunismRecruitment of informants became increasingly difficult towards the end of the GDR’s existence, and after 1986, there was a negative turnover rate of IMs. This had a significant impact on the Stasi’s ability to survey the population, in a period of growing unrest, and knowledge of the MfS’s activities became more widespread.[53]ย The Stasi had been tasked during this period with preventing the country’s economic difficulties becoming a political problem, through suppression of the very worst problems the state faced, but it failed to do so.[9] Stasi officers reportedly had discussed rebranding East Germany as a democratic capitalist country to the West, but which would be in practice taken over by Stasi officers. The plan specified 2,587 OibE officers who would take over power (Offiziere im besonderen Einsatz, โofficers on special assignmentโ) and it was registered as Top Secret Document 0008-6/86 of March 17, 1986.[54][55]ย According to Ion Mihai Pacepa, the chief intelligence officer in communist Romania, other communist intelligence services had similar plans.[55]ย On 12 March 1990 Der Spiegel reported that the Stasi was indeed attempting to implement 0008-6/86.[54]Pacepa has noted that what happened in Russia and how KGB Colonelย Vladimir Putinย took over Russia resembles these plans.[55]ย Seeย Putinism. On 7 November 1989, in response to the rapidly changing political and social situation in the GDR in late 1989, Erich Mielke resigned. On 17 November 1989, the Council of Ministersย (Ministerratย der DDR)ย renamed the MfS as the “Office for National Security”ย (Amt fรผr Nationale Sicherheitย – AfNS), which was headed byย Generalleutnantย Wolfgang Schwanitz. On 8 December 1989, GDRย Prime Ministerย Hans Modrowย directed the dissolution of the AfNS, which was confirmed by a decision of theย Ministerratย on 14 December 1989. As part of this decision, theย Ministerratย originally called for the evolution of the AfNS into two separate organizations: a new foreign intelligence serviceย (Nachrichtendienst der DDR)ย and an “Office for the Protection of the Constitution of the GDR”ย (Verfassungsschutz der DDR), along the lines of the West Germanย Bundesamt fรผr Verfassungsschutz, however, the public reaction was extremely negative, and under pressure from the “Round Table”ย (Runder Tisch), the government dropped the creation of theย Verfassungsschutz der DDRย and directed the immediate dissolution of the AfNS on 13 January 1990. Certain functions of the AfNS reasonably related to law enforcement were handed over to the GDR Ministry of Internal Affairs. The same ministry also took guardianship of remaining AfNS facilities. When the parliament of Germany investigated public funds that disappeared after theย Fall of the Berlin Wall, it found out that East Germany had transferred large amounts of money toย Martin Schlaffย through accounts in Vaduz, the capital of Liechtenstein, in return for goods โunder Western embargoโ. Moreover, high-ranking Stasi officers continued their post-DDR careers in management positions in Schlaffโs group of companies. For example, in 1990 Herbert Kohler, Stasi commander in Dresden, transferred 170 million marks to Schlaff for “harddisks” and months later went to work for him.[34][56]ย The investigations concluded that โSchlaffโs empire of companies played a crucial roleโ in the Stasi attempts to secure the financial future of Stasi agents and keep the intelligence network alive.[34]ย Theย Sternย magazine noted thatย KGBย officerVladimir Putinย worked with his Stasi colleagues in Dresden in 1989.[56] In the Soviet Union, about 50 billion U.S. dollars was transferred out of the country (seeย FIMACO). Recovery of the Stasi filesDuring theย Peaceful Revolutionย of 1989, MfS offices were overrun by enraged citizens, but not before the MfS destroyed a number of documents (approximately 5%).[57] Storming the Stasi headquartersAs theย GDRย began to fall, the Stasi did as well. They began to destroy the extensive files that they had kept, both by hand and with the use of shredders. Citizens protesting and entering the Stasi building in Berlin; the sign accuses the Stasi andย SEDย of being Nazistic dictators. When these activities became known, protest erupted in front of the Stasi headquarters.[58]ย In the evening of 15 January 1990, a large crowd of people formed outside the gates in order to stop the destruction of personal files. In their minds, this information should have been available to them and also have been used to punish those who had taken part in Stasi actions. The large group of protesters grew and grew until they were able to overcome the police and gain entry into the complex. The protestors became violent and destructive as they smashed doors and windows, threw furniture, and trampled portraits ofย Erich Honecker, leader of the GDR. Among the destructive public were officers working for the West German government, as well as former MfS collaborators seeking to destroy documents. One explanation postulated as to why the Stasi did not open fire was for fear of hitting their own colleagues. As the people continued their violence, these undercover men proceeded into the file room and acquired many files that would become of great importance to catching ex-Stasi members. Controversy of the Stasi filesWith theย German Reunificationย on 3 October 1990 a new government agency was founded called theย Office of the Federal Commissioner Preserving the Records of the Ministry for State Security of the GDRย (BStU).[59]ย There was a debate about what should happen to the files, whether they should be opened to the people or kept closed. Those who opposed opening the files cited privacy as a reason. They felt that the information in the files would lead to negative feelings about former Stasi members, and, in turn, cause violence. Pastorย Rainer Eppelmann, who became Minister of Defense and Disarmament after March 1990, felt that new political freedoms for former Stasi members would be jeopardized by acts of revenge. Prime Ministerย Lothar de Maiziereย even went so far as to predict murder. They also argued against the use of the files to capture former Stasi members and prosecute them, arguing that not all former members were criminals and should not be punished solely for being a member. There were also some who believed that everyone was guilty of something. Peter Michael Diestel, the Minister of Interior, opined that these files could not be used to determine innocence and guilt, claiming that “there were only two types of individuals who were truly innocent in this system, the newborn and the alcoholic.” Other opinions, such as the one of West German Interior Ministerย Wolfgang Schรคuble, believed in putting the Stasi behind them and working onย German reunification. Others argued that everyone should have the right to see their own file, and that the files should be opened to investigate former Stasi members and prosecute them, as well as not allow them to hold office. Opening the files would also help clear up some of the rumors that were floating around. Some also believed that politicians involved with the Stasi should be investigated. The fate of the files was finally decided under the Unification Treaty between the GDR andย Federal Republic of Germanyย (FRG). This treaty took the Volkskammer law further and allowed more access and use of the files. Along with the decision to keep the files in a central location in the East, they also decided who could see and use the files, allowing people to see their own files. In 1992, following a declassification ruling by the German government, the MfS files were opened, leading people to look for their files.ย Timothy Garton Ash, an English historian, after reading his file, wroteย The File: A Personal Historyย while completing his dissertation research in East Berlin.[60] Between 1991 and 2011, around 2.75 million individuals, mostly GDR citizens, requested to see their own files.[61]ย The ruling also gave people the ability to make duplicates of their documents. Another big issue was how the media could use and benefit from the documents. It was decided that the media could obtain files as long as they were depersonalized and not regarding an individual under the age of 18 or a former Stasi member. This ruling not only gave the media access to the files, but also gave schools access. Tracking down former Stasi informers with the filesEven though groups of this sort were active in the community, those who were tracking down ex-members were, as well. Many of these hunters succeeded in catching ex-Stasi; however, charges could not be made for merely being a member. The person in question would have had to participate in an illegal act, not just be a registered Stasi member. Among the high-profile individuals who were arrested and tried wereย Erich Mielke, Third Minister of State Security of the GDR, and Erich Honecker, head of state for the GDR. Mielke was given six years for the murder of two policemen in 1931. Honecker was charged with authorizing the killing of would-be escapees on the East-West frontier and theย Berlin Wall. During his trial, he went through cancer treatment. Due to the fact that he was nearing death, Honecker was allowed to spend his final time in Chile. He died in May 1994.]Reassembling the destroyed files Document shredding is described in Stasiland. Some of it is very easy due to the amount of archives and the failure of shredding machines (in some cases “shredding” meant tearing paper in two by hand and documents could be recovered easily). In 1995, the BStU began reassembling the shredded documents; 13 years later the three dozen archivists commissioned to the projects had only reassembled 327 bags; they are now usingย computer-assisted data recoveryย to reassemble the remaining 16,000 bagsย โ estimated at 45 million pages. It is estimated that this task may be completed at a cost of 30 million dollars.[62] Theย CIAย acquired some MfS records during the looting of the MfS archives. Theย Federal Republic of Germanyย has asked for their return and received some in April 2000.[63]ย See alsoย Rosenholz files. Museum in the old headquartersThe Anti-Stalinist Action Normannenstraรe (ASTAK), an association founded by former GDR Citizens’ Committees, has transformed the former headquarters of the MfS into a museum. It is divided into three floors:
The ground floor has been kept as it used to be. The decor is original, with many statues and flags.
Photo gallery: Stasi officers after the reunificationRecruitment by Russian state-owned companiesFormer Stasi agent Matthias Warnig (codename “Arthur”) is currently the CEO ofย Nord Stream.[64]ย German investigations have revealed that some of the keyย Gazprom Germaniaย managers are former Stasi agents.[65][66] LobbyingEx-MfS officers continue to be politically active via theย Gesellschaft zur Rechtlichen und Humanitรคren Unterstรผtzung e. V.ย (Society for Legal and Humanitarian Support) (GRH). Former high-ranking officers and employees of the MfS, including the last MfS director, Wolfgang Schwanitz, make up the majority of the organization’s members, and it receives support from theย German Communist Party, among others. Impetus for the establishment of the GRH was provided by the criminal charges filed against the Stasi in the early 1990s. The GRH, decrying the charges as “victor’s justice”, called for them to be dropped. Today the group provides an alternative if somewhat utopian voice in the public debate on the GDR legacy. It calls for the closure of the museum in Hohenschรถnhausen and can be a vocal presence at memorial services and public events. In March 2006 in Berlin, GRH members disrupted a museum event; a political scandal ensued when the Berlin Senator (Minister) of Culture refused to confront them.[67] Behind the scenes, the GRH also lobbies people and institutions promoting opposing viewpoints. For example, in March 2006, the Berlin Senator for Education received a letter from a GRH member and former Stasi officer attacking the Museum for promoting “falsehoods, anticommunist agitation and psychological terror against minors.”[68]ย Similar letters have also been received by schools organizing field trips to the museum.[69] Alleged informants
In the arts
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