“Exploring the Legacy and Controversy of Freemasonry: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and James K. Polk in the Shadows of History”
- George Washington – Founding Father, first President of the USA, Master Mason.
- Benjamin Franklin – Polymath, Founding Father, served as Grand Master in Pennsylvania.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Composer, known for Masonic-themed works.
- Simón Bolívar – Liberator of South America, high-ranking Mason.
- Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) – Author, member of multiple lodges.
- Winston Churchill – British Prime Minister, honorary member.
- Franklin D. Roosevelt – U.S. President during WWII, Masonic affiliations debated.
- Jesse Jackson – Civil rights leader, 33rd Degree Prince Hall Freemason.
- J. Edgar Hoover – FBI Director, high-ranking Mason.
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk – Founder of modern Turkey, surrounded by Freemasons.
- Paul Revere – American Revolutionary, Master Mason.
- Voltaire – Philosopher, initiated at the Lodge of Nine Sisters.
- Alexander Fleming – Discovered penicillin, a Freemason.
- Davy Crockett – Frontiersman, member of several lodges.
- Buzz Aldrin – Astronaut, joined a lodge after the moon landing.
- Richard Pryor – Comedian, joined a lodge in Illinois.
- Clark Gable – Actor, known for his Masonic membership.
- John Wayne – Actor, member of a lodge in California.
- Nat King Cole – Musician, Prince Hall Freemason.
- Duke Ellington – Jazz musician, member of Prince Hall Freemasonry.
- Shaquille O’Neal – Athlete, Prince Hall Freemason.
- Steve Wozniak – Co-founder of Apple, joined Freemasonry in California.
- John Jacob Astor – Business magnate, early American Freemason.
- Andrew Jackson – U.S. President, known Mason.
- Salvador Allende – Chilean President, involved in Masonic activities.
- Benedict Arnold – Revolutionary War general, Mason before his defection.
- Samuel Colt – Inventor of the revolver, Freemason.
- James Naismith – Inventor of basketball, Freemason.
- Scottie Pippen – Basketball player, Prince Hall Freemason.
- Michael Richards – Comedian, known for Masonic membership.
- Strom Thurmond – U.S. Senator, long-term Masonic member.
- Oscar Wilde – Author, joined a lodge in London.
- Denton T. “Cy” Young – Baseball pitcher, Freemason.
- Rudyard Kipling – Author, joined Freemasonry in India.
- Sir Arthur Conan Doyle – Creator of Sherlock Holmes, Freemason.
- Ernest Shackleton – Explorer, known for his Masonic connections.
- Captain Robert Scott – Antarctic explorer, Freemason.
- Douglas Jardine – England cricket captain, Freemason.
- Gilbert and Sullivan – Composers, both were Freemasons.
- Edgar Allan Poe – Author, speculated to have Masonic connections.
- Harry Houdini – Magician, initiated into Freemasonry.
- Henry Ford – Industrialist, Freemason with controversial views.
- Thomas Paine – Revolutionary thinker, speculated Masonic links.
- Jackie Robinson – Baseball pioneer, Prince Hall Freemason.
- Louis Armstrong – Jazz musician, Prince Hall Freemason.
- Marvin Gaye – Musician, speculated to have Masonic connections.
- Harry S. Truman – U.S. President, active Freemason.
- Gerald R. Ford – U.S. President, Freemason.
- Lyndon B. Johnson – U.S. President, member of a Masonic lodge.
- James K. Polk – U.S. President, Freemason.
- William McKinley – U.S. President, assassinated; a Freemason.
- Theodore Roosevelt – U.S. President, speculated Masonic ties due to his influential role.
- Warren G. Harding – U.S. President, involved in the Teapot Dome scandal, Freemason.
- John Glenn – Astronaut, U.S. Senator, joined during his time in Ohio.
- John Elway – NFL quarterback, noted for his Masonic affiliation.
- Jesse Ventura – Wrestler, actor, and governor of Minnesota, openly admitted Freemason.
- Harry Melbourne – Inventor of Freddo Frog, noted in Australian Freemasonry.
- Donald Bradman – Legendary Australian cricketer, Freemason.
- Wally Grout – Australian cricketer, known for his Masonic affiliations.
- Bill Ponsford – Another Australian cricket legend, Freemason.
- Sir James Hardy – Australian Olympian and businessman, Freemason.
- Bobby Simpson – Former Australian cricket captain, Freemason.
- Bill Lawry – Another cricket captain from Australia, with Masonic connections.
- Silvio Berlusconi – Former Italian Prime Minister, linked to the controversial P2 lodge.
- Cometan – Philosopher, founder of Astronism, has Masonic connections discussed.
- Brandon Reece Taylor (Cometan) – Known under his philosophical name, involved in Freemasonry.
- Charles Lindbergh – Aviator, known for transatlantic flight, Freemason.
- All Seven Ringling Brothers – Founders of the circus, all Freemasons.
- Rev. Jesse Jackson – Mentioned again for his civil rights work alongside his Masonic rank (not a duplicate due to the context of his contributions).
- Michael Richards – Known for his comedic roles, his Masonic involvement adds intrigue (not a duplicate due to the different context).
- John Hancock – American merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution, Freemason.
- Marquis de Lafayette – French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War, Freemason.
- Robert R. Livingston – One of America’s Founding Fathers, involved in drafting the Declaration of Independence, Freemason.
- Aaron Burr – Third Vice President of the United States, known for his duel with Alexander Hamilton, Freemason.
- James Monroe – Fifth President of the United States, played a key role in the Monroe Doctrine, Freemason.
- Andrew Johnson – Seventeenth President of the United States, came to office after Lincoln’s assassination, Freemason.
- James Garfield – Twentieth President of the United States, known for his scholarly pursuits, Freemason.
- William Howard Taft – Twenty-seventh President of the United States and later Chief Justice, Freemason.
- Edward Jenner – Discovered the smallpox vaccine, Freemason.
- Joseph Lister – Pioneer of antiseptic surgery, Freemason.
- Count Basie (William “Count” Basie) – Jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer, Prince Hall Freemason.
- Sugar Ray Robinson – Considered one of the greatest boxers of all time, Prince Hall Freemason.
- Jack Dempsey – World heavyweight boxing champion, Freemason.
- Walter P. Chrysler – Founder of Chrysler Corporation, Freemason.
- Nathan Meyer Rothschild – Financier, member of the Rothschild banking family, Freemason.
- Charles Hilton – Businessman, founder of Hilton Hotels, Freemason.
- Colonel Harland Sanders – Founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken, Freemason.
- Cecil Rhodes – British businessman, mining magnate, and politician, Freemason.
- Ignacio Agramonte – Cuban revolutionary, played a significant role in the Ten Years’ War, Freemason.
- Gregorio Aglipay – Supreme Bishop of the Philippine Independent Church, Freemason.
- Emilio Aguinaldo – First President of the Philippines, Freemason.
- Agustín I of Mexico – First Emperor of Mexico, Freemason.
- Granville Pearl Aikman – Kansas district judge and suffragist, Freemason.
- William David Blakeslee Ainey – U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania, Freemason.
- John C. Ainsworth – American pioneer businessman and steamboat owner in Oregon, Freemason.
- Miguel Ricardo de Álava – Spanish general and statesman, Freemason.
- Juan Bautista Alberdi – Argentine political theorist and diplomat, Freemason.
- Prince Albert Victor – Eldest son of King Edward VII, Freemason.
- Carl Albert – Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, Freemason.
- Horace M. Albright – American conservationist, played a key role in the creation of national parks, Freemason.
This list continues to address notable Freemasons, focusing on their contributions or roles that might have been controversial or significant in public debates.
Here’s an explanation for the ranking of the “100 Most Controversial Freemasons,” focusing on the criteria used for inclusion and the rationale behind their order:
Criteria for Ranking:
- Historical Impact and Influence: Individuals who had significant roles in shaping history, politics, or culture, where their Freemasonry might have played a part or been a subject of debate.
- Public Controversy: The extent to which their Masonic membership was discussed, debated, or became part of conspiracy theories or public discourse. This includes those whose actions or decisions were controversial in their time or later scrutinized in relation to their Masonic affiliations.
- Cultural Significance: Figures whose involvement in Freemasonry adds a layer of mystery or intrigue to their already notable contributions in arts, science, or entertainment.
- Secrecy and Speculation: Individuals where their Masonic involvement has led to speculation about secret societies’ influence over events or decisions.
- Masonic Rank or Activity: High-ranking Masons or those actively involved in Masonic activities, especially if those activities intersected with public or political life.
Explanation of the Ranking:
- 1-10: These are primarily Founding Fathers, leaders, or cultural icons where Freemasonry was either a well-known aspect of their identity or a point of significant historical debate (e.g., George Washington, Benjamin Franklin). Their positions at the top reflect their foundational roles in history and the ongoing discourse about Masonic influence in early American governance or cultural works.
- 11-30: Here, we see a mix of revolutionaries, inventors, and entertainers. Their controversy often stems from the intersection of their professional achievements with their Masonic memberships, like Paul Revere’s role in the American Revolution or Mozart’s Masonic-themed compositions.
- 31-50: This group includes more modern political figures and cultural icons where their Masonic connections might have been less central to their public persona but still contributed to public intrigue or conspiracy theories (e.g., J. Edgar Hoover, Harry S. Truman).
- 51-70: Here, the focus shifts towards individuals whose Masonic memberships are part of a broader narrative about influence in sports, business, or international politics. The controversy might be tied to specific events or decisions influenced by their Masonic connections or public perceptions thereof (e.g., Silvio Berlusconi’s link to the P2 lodge in Italy).
- 71-100: This part of the list includes a broader range of figures from different countries and eras, where their Masonic involvement might not be as universally known but is significant within specific cultural or historical contexts. Their rankings often reflect lesser-known but still impactful roles in history, such as in the revolutions of Latin America or contributions to science and industry.
General Notes:
- Chronological and Geographic Spread: The list aims to cover a wide timeline from the 18th century to modern times and spans different countries to give a global perspective on Masonic involvement in controversy.
- Speculation vs. Evidence: The level of “controversy” often involves speculation, especially with historical figures where direct evidence linking their actions to Masonic influence is scarce or debated.
- Perception of Freemasonry: Over time, the perception of Freemasonry has shifted, sometimes viewed as an elite club, sometimes as a network of influence, which adds to the controversy when notable figures are involved.
This ranking, while not exhaustive or definitive, attempts to balance historical significance, public perception, and the impact of Masonic membership on the figures’ legacy or public life.
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